Page 1 of 142
CONTEMPORARY NURSING: ISSUES, TRENDS, &
MANAGEMENT EXAM WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
DETAILED RATIONALES GRADED A+
Contemporary Nursing: Issues, Trends, & Management
SECTION 1: THE EVOLUTION OF PROFESSIONAL NURSING (Questions 1–30)
1. Clara Barton is best known for which of the following major contributions to the nursing
profession and public health?
A) Becoming the first Black public health nurse in the United States
B) Establishing the Henry Street Settlement in New York City
C) Founding the American Red Cross in 1882 to assist with public health efforts
D) Publicizing the inadequacies of hospital-based nursing schools
Answer: C) Founding the American Red Cross in 1882 to assist with public health efforts
Rationale: Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross in 1882, which assisted in continuing
public health nursing efforts. Lillian Wald established the Henry Street Settlement. Mary
Breckenridge was a pioneer in rural nursing.
2. A student nurse is writing to state leaders about the need for greater access to acute care
services in rural communities. Which piece of legislation should the student reference?
A) Social Security Act
1|Page
,Page 2 of 142
B) Hill-Burton Act
C) Sheppard-Towner Act
D) U.S. Civil Service Act
Answer: B) Hill-Burton Act
Rationale: The Hill-Burton Act provided funding to construct hospitals and helped states plan
for other healthcare facilities in accordance with community needs. The Social Security Act and
Sheppard-Towner Act addressed different aspects of public health and welfare.
3. The practice of public health nursing and the establishment of the Henry Street Settlement
are credited to which nursing pioneer?
A) Mary Breckenridge
B) Mary Seacole
C) Clara Barton
D) Lillian Wald
Answer: D) Lillian Wald
Rationale: Lillian Wald, a pioneer in public health nursing, is best known for the development
and establishment of the Henry Street Settlement. Mary Breckenridge founded the Frontier
Nursing Service. Mary Seacole was a Jamaican nurse who cared for soldiers in the Crimean War.
4. Occupational health nursing features beliefs similar to those of which early nursing
pioneer?
A) Lillian Wald
B) Florence Nightingale
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,Page 3 of 142
C) Clara Barton
D) Mary Seacole
Answer: A) Lillian Wald
Rationale: Lillian Wald developed the first nursing service for occupational health, focusing on
the health needs of workers. Florence Nightingale is known for modern nursing and sanitation.
Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross. Mary Seacole was a British-Jamaican nurse.
5. Which nursing pioneer is credited with establishing the Frontier Nursing Service to provide
care to rural populations?
A) Lillian Wald
B) Mary Breckenridge
C) Clara Barton
D) Florence Nightingale
Answer: B) Mary Breckenridge
Rationale: Mary Breckenridge founded the Frontier Nursing Service in rural Kentucky to provide
nursing and midwifery care to underserved populations. Lillian Wald established the Henry
Street Settlement. Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross.
6. Florence Nightingale's contributions to nursing during the Crimean War primarily focused
on which of the following?
A) Establishing the first nursing school in the United States
B) Improving sanitation and reducing mortality rates among soldiers
C) Founding the American Red Cross
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, Page 4 of 142
D) Advocating for nurse licensure
Answer: B) Improving sanitation and reducing mortality rates among soldiers
Rationale: Florence Nightingale is known for her work during the Crimean War, where she
improved sanitation and reduced mortality rates among soldiers. She also established the
Nightingale Training School for Nurses in London. She did not found the American Red Cross or
advocate for U.S. licensure.
7. Which of the following historical events had the greatest impact on the development of
nursing as a profession in the United States?
A) The Civil War
B) World War I
C) World War II
D) The Great Depression
Answer: C) World War II
Rationale: World War II had a significant impact on nursing, leading to increased demand for
nurses, the development of practical nursing programs, and the expansion of nursing education.
The Civil War and World War I also influenced nursing, but World War II accelerated
professionalization and educational reform.
8. The Sheppard-Towner Act of 1921 was significant because it provided federal funding for
which of the following?
A) Hospital construction
B) Maternal and child health services
C) Nursing education
4|Page
CONTEMPORARY NURSING: ISSUES, TRENDS, &
MANAGEMENT EXAM WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
DETAILED RATIONALES GRADED A+
Contemporary Nursing: Issues, Trends, & Management
SECTION 1: THE EVOLUTION OF PROFESSIONAL NURSING (Questions 1–30)
1. Clara Barton is best known for which of the following major contributions to the nursing
profession and public health?
A) Becoming the first Black public health nurse in the United States
B) Establishing the Henry Street Settlement in New York City
C) Founding the American Red Cross in 1882 to assist with public health efforts
D) Publicizing the inadequacies of hospital-based nursing schools
Answer: C) Founding the American Red Cross in 1882 to assist with public health efforts
Rationale: Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross in 1882, which assisted in continuing
public health nursing efforts. Lillian Wald established the Henry Street Settlement. Mary
Breckenridge was a pioneer in rural nursing.
2. A student nurse is writing to state leaders about the need for greater access to acute care
services in rural communities. Which piece of legislation should the student reference?
A) Social Security Act
1|Page
,Page 2 of 142
B) Hill-Burton Act
C) Sheppard-Towner Act
D) U.S. Civil Service Act
Answer: B) Hill-Burton Act
Rationale: The Hill-Burton Act provided funding to construct hospitals and helped states plan
for other healthcare facilities in accordance with community needs. The Social Security Act and
Sheppard-Towner Act addressed different aspects of public health and welfare.
3. The practice of public health nursing and the establishment of the Henry Street Settlement
are credited to which nursing pioneer?
A) Mary Breckenridge
B) Mary Seacole
C) Clara Barton
D) Lillian Wald
Answer: D) Lillian Wald
Rationale: Lillian Wald, a pioneer in public health nursing, is best known for the development
and establishment of the Henry Street Settlement. Mary Breckenridge founded the Frontier
Nursing Service. Mary Seacole was a Jamaican nurse who cared for soldiers in the Crimean War.
4. Occupational health nursing features beliefs similar to those of which early nursing
pioneer?
A) Lillian Wald
B) Florence Nightingale
2|Page
,Page 3 of 142
C) Clara Barton
D) Mary Seacole
Answer: A) Lillian Wald
Rationale: Lillian Wald developed the first nursing service for occupational health, focusing on
the health needs of workers. Florence Nightingale is known for modern nursing and sanitation.
Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross. Mary Seacole was a British-Jamaican nurse.
5. Which nursing pioneer is credited with establishing the Frontier Nursing Service to provide
care to rural populations?
A) Lillian Wald
B) Mary Breckenridge
C) Clara Barton
D) Florence Nightingale
Answer: B) Mary Breckenridge
Rationale: Mary Breckenridge founded the Frontier Nursing Service in rural Kentucky to provide
nursing and midwifery care to underserved populations. Lillian Wald established the Henry
Street Settlement. Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross.
6. Florence Nightingale's contributions to nursing during the Crimean War primarily focused
on which of the following?
A) Establishing the first nursing school in the United States
B) Improving sanitation and reducing mortality rates among soldiers
C) Founding the American Red Cross
3|Page
, Page 4 of 142
D) Advocating for nurse licensure
Answer: B) Improving sanitation and reducing mortality rates among soldiers
Rationale: Florence Nightingale is known for her work during the Crimean War, where she
improved sanitation and reduced mortality rates among soldiers. She also established the
Nightingale Training School for Nurses in London. She did not found the American Red Cross or
advocate for U.S. licensure.
7. Which of the following historical events had the greatest impact on the development of
nursing as a profession in the United States?
A) The Civil War
B) World War I
C) World War II
D) The Great Depression
Answer: C) World War II
Rationale: World War II had a significant impact on nursing, leading to increased demand for
nurses, the development of practical nursing programs, and the expansion of nursing education.
The Civil War and World War I also influenced nursing, but World War II accelerated
professionalization and educational reform.
8. The Sheppard-Towner Act of 1921 was significant because it provided federal funding for
which of the following?
A) Hospital construction
B) Maternal and child health services
C) Nursing education
4|Page
