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NURS 5433 — MODULE 7 EXAM WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS DETAILED RATIONALES GRADED A+
NURS 5433 — Module 7: Valve Disorders
University of Texas at Arlington — FNP II Test Bank
SECTION 1: MURMUR FUNDAMENTALS & ASSESSMENT (Questions 1–30)
1. What are the most common types of murmurs encountered in clinical practice?
A. Aortic and pulmonic
B. Mitral and tricuspid
C. Aortic and mitral
D. Pulmonic and tricuspid
Rationale: The most common types of murmurs are aortic and mitral. These valves are subject
to the highest pressures in the left side of the heart, making them most susceptible to stenosis
and regurgitation. Tricuspid and pulmonic murmurs are less common.
2. What are the three primary reasons you would hear a murmur?
A. Stenosis, regurgitation, and anemia
B. Stenosis, regurgitation, and hypertension
C. Stenosis, regurgitation, and infection
D. Stenosis, regurgitation, and arrhythmia
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Rationale: The three reasons for hearing a murmur are stenosis (narrowing of the valve),
regurgitation (backflow of blood through an incompetent valve), and anemia (which causes
increased flow velocity and turbulence).
3. Are systolic or diastolic murmurs more common?
A. Systolic murmurs are more common
B. Diastolic murmurs are more common
C. Both are equally common
D. Neither is common
Rationale: Systolic murmurs are more common than diastolic murmurs. Systolic murmurs
include aortic stenosis, pulmonic stenosis, tricuspid regurgitation, and mitral regurgitation.
Diastolic murmurs are always pathological and less common.
4. Which types of murmurs are always considered pathological?
A. Systolic murmurs
B. Diastolic murmurs
C. Continuous murmurs
D. All murmurs are pathological
Rationale: Diastolic murmurs are always pathological. Unlike systolic murmurs, which can be
innocent (especially in children), diastolic murmurs always indicate underlying valve disease
such as aortic regurgitation, pulmonic regurgitation, mitral stenosis, or tricuspid stenosis.
5. Name the systolic murmurs.
A. Aortic stenosis, pulmonic stenosis, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
B. Aortic regurgitation, pulmonic regurgitation, mitral stenosis, tricuspid stenosis
C. Aortic stenosis, mitral stenosis, tricuspid regurgitation, pulmonic regurgitation
D. Mitral regurgitation, mitral stenosis, aortic regurgitation, pulmonic stenosis
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Rationale: The systolic murmurs are aortic stenosis, pulmonic stenosis, tricuspid regurgitation,
and mitral regurgitation. These occur during systole when the ventricles contract and eject
blood.
6. Name the diastolic murmurs.
A. Aortic stenosis, pulmonic stenosis, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
B. Aortic regurgitation, pulmonic regurgitation, mitral stenosis, tricuspid stenosis
C. Aortic stenosis, mitral stenosis, tricuspid regurgitation, pulmonic regurgitation
D. Mitral regurgitation, mitral stenosis, aortic regurgitation, pulmonic stenosis
Rationale: The diastolic murmurs are aortic regurgitation, pulmonic regurgitation, mitral
stenosis, and tricuspid stenosis. These occur during diastole when the ventricles relax and fill.
7. What are the 7 S's of innocent murmurs?
A. Soft, short, systolic, single without gallops or clicks, symptomless, standing/sitting changes
murmur, small area without radiation
B. Soft, short, systolic, single, symptomatic, standing changes murmur, small area
C. Soft, short, systolic, single, symptomless, supine changes murmur, large area
D. Loud, long, systolic, single, symptomless, standing changes murmur, small area
Rationale: The 7 S's of innocent murmurs are: Soft, Short, Systolic, Single without gallops or
clicks, Symptomless, Standing/sitting changes murmur, Small area without radiation. These
characteristics help distinguish innocent murmurs from pathological ones.
8. Name 5 risk factors for a murmur.
A. Age, pregnancy, anemia, congenital heart disease, hypertension
B. Age, diabetes, anemia, congenital heart disease, hypertension
C. Age, pregnancy, anemia, acquired heart disease, hypotension
D. Age, pregnancy, polycythemia, congenital heart disease, hypertension
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Rationale: The five risk factors for a murmur are age, pregnancy, anemia, congenital heart
disease, and hypertension. Pregnancy increases blood volume, anemia causes increased flow
velocity, and hypertension increases pressure gradients.
9. What do you assess when listening to a murmur (LLTQS)?
A. Location, Loudness, Timing, Quality, Shape
B. Location, Length, Timing, Quality, Shape
C. Location, Loudness, Type, Quality, Shape
D. Location, Loudness, Timing, Quality, Severity
Rationale: When assessing a murmur, the LLTQS mnemonic is used: Location of murmur,
Loudness (how loud it is), Timing (systolic or diastolic), Quality, and Shape (crescendo or
decrescendo).
10. What is Still's Vibratory Hum murmur?
A. The most common innocent murmur of childhood characterized by a low-pitched systolic
ejection murmur
B. A pathological murmur of adulthood
C. A diastolic murmur of childhood
D. A continuous murmur of infancy
Rationale: Still's Vibratory Hum is the most common innocent murmur of childhood,
characterized by a low-pitched systolic ejection murmur. It is a benign finding that typically
resolves with age.
11. A patient presents with a murmur that is loud, high-pitched, and blowing, heard at the left
lower sternal border. What type of murmur is this most likely?
A. Aortic stenosis
B. Aortic regurgitation
C. Mitral stenosis
D. Mitral regurgitation
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NURS 5433 — MODULE 7 EXAM WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS DETAILED RATIONALES GRADED A+
NURS 5433 — Module 7: Valve Disorders
University of Texas at Arlington — FNP II Test Bank
SECTION 1: MURMUR FUNDAMENTALS & ASSESSMENT (Questions 1–30)
1. What are the most common types of murmurs encountered in clinical practice?
A. Aortic and pulmonic
B. Mitral and tricuspid
C. Aortic and mitral
D. Pulmonic and tricuspid
Rationale: The most common types of murmurs are aortic and mitral. These valves are subject
to the highest pressures in the left side of the heart, making them most susceptible to stenosis
and regurgitation. Tricuspid and pulmonic murmurs are less common.
2. What are the three primary reasons you would hear a murmur?
A. Stenosis, regurgitation, and anemia
B. Stenosis, regurgitation, and hypertension
C. Stenosis, regurgitation, and infection
D. Stenosis, regurgitation, and arrhythmia
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Rationale: The three reasons for hearing a murmur are stenosis (narrowing of the valve),
regurgitation (backflow of blood through an incompetent valve), and anemia (which causes
increased flow velocity and turbulence).
3. Are systolic or diastolic murmurs more common?
A. Systolic murmurs are more common
B. Diastolic murmurs are more common
C. Both are equally common
D. Neither is common
Rationale: Systolic murmurs are more common than diastolic murmurs. Systolic murmurs
include aortic stenosis, pulmonic stenosis, tricuspid regurgitation, and mitral regurgitation.
Diastolic murmurs are always pathological and less common.
4. Which types of murmurs are always considered pathological?
A. Systolic murmurs
B. Diastolic murmurs
C. Continuous murmurs
D. All murmurs are pathological
Rationale: Diastolic murmurs are always pathological. Unlike systolic murmurs, which can be
innocent (especially in children), diastolic murmurs always indicate underlying valve disease
such as aortic regurgitation, pulmonic regurgitation, mitral stenosis, or tricuspid stenosis.
5. Name the systolic murmurs.
A. Aortic stenosis, pulmonic stenosis, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
B. Aortic regurgitation, pulmonic regurgitation, mitral stenosis, tricuspid stenosis
C. Aortic stenosis, mitral stenosis, tricuspid regurgitation, pulmonic regurgitation
D. Mitral regurgitation, mitral stenosis, aortic regurgitation, pulmonic stenosis
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Rationale: The systolic murmurs are aortic stenosis, pulmonic stenosis, tricuspid regurgitation,
and mitral regurgitation. These occur during systole when the ventricles contract and eject
blood.
6. Name the diastolic murmurs.
A. Aortic stenosis, pulmonic stenosis, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
B. Aortic regurgitation, pulmonic regurgitation, mitral stenosis, tricuspid stenosis
C. Aortic stenosis, mitral stenosis, tricuspid regurgitation, pulmonic regurgitation
D. Mitral regurgitation, mitral stenosis, aortic regurgitation, pulmonic stenosis
Rationale: The diastolic murmurs are aortic regurgitation, pulmonic regurgitation, mitral
stenosis, and tricuspid stenosis. These occur during diastole when the ventricles relax and fill.
7. What are the 7 S's of innocent murmurs?
A. Soft, short, systolic, single without gallops or clicks, symptomless, standing/sitting changes
murmur, small area without radiation
B. Soft, short, systolic, single, symptomatic, standing changes murmur, small area
C. Soft, short, systolic, single, symptomless, supine changes murmur, large area
D. Loud, long, systolic, single, symptomless, standing changes murmur, small area
Rationale: The 7 S's of innocent murmurs are: Soft, Short, Systolic, Single without gallops or
clicks, Symptomless, Standing/sitting changes murmur, Small area without radiation. These
characteristics help distinguish innocent murmurs from pathological ones.
8. Name 5 risk factors for a murmur.
A. Age, pregnancy, anemia, congenital heart disease, hypertension
B. Age, diabetes, anemia, congenital heart disease, hypertension
C. Age, pregnancy, anemia, acquired heart disease, hypotension
D. Age, pregnancy, polycythemia, congenital heart disease, hypertension
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Rationale: The five risk factors for a murmur are age, pregnancy, anemia, congenital heart
disease, and hypertension. Pregnancy increases blood volume, anemia causes increased flow
velocity, and hypertension increases pressure gradients.
9. What do you assess when listening to a murmur (LLTQS)?
A. Location, Loudness, Timing, Quality, Shape
B. Location, Length, Timing, Quality, Shape
C. Location, Loudness, Type, Quality, Shape
D. Location, Loudness, Timing, Quality, Severity
Rationale: When assessing a murmur, the LLTQS mnemonic is used: Location of murmur,
Loudness (how loud it is), Timing (systolic or diastolic), Quality, and Shape (crescendo or
decrescendo).
10. What is Still's Vibratory Hum murmur?
A. The most common innocent murmur of childhood characterized by a low-pitched systolic
ejection murmur
B. A pathological murmur of adulthood
C. A diastolic murmur of childhood
D. A continuous murmur of infancy
Rationale: Still's Vibratory Hum is the most common innocent murmur of childhood,
characterized by a low-pitched systolic ejection murmur. It is a benign finding that typically
resolves with age.
11. A patient presents with a murmur that is loud, high-pitched, and blowing, heard at the left
lower sternal border. What type of murmur is this most likely?
A. Aortic stenosis
B. Aortic regurgitation
C. Mitral stenosis
D. Mitral regurgitation
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