Final exam review.docx

14. Patients with allergic rhinitis may benefit from a prescription of: 1. Fluticasone (Flonase) 2. Cetirizine (Zyrtec) 3. OTC cromolyn nasal spray (Nasalcrom) 4. Any of the above ____ 18. Decongestants such as pseudoephedrine (Sudafed): 1. Are Schedule III drugs in all states 2. Should not be prescribed or recommended for children under 4 years of age 3. Are effective in treating the congestion children experience with the common cold 4. May cause drowsiness in patients of all ages What drug therapy could a provider select to administer to a client seeking treatment for rhinosinusitis? chloride channel activators nitrofurantoin antimotility agents amoxicillin Allergic Rhinitis – corticosteroids are used to e manage seasonal or perennial allergies; used intranasal 1-2 times daily; Decongestants are used for allergic rhinitis Second-generation antihistamines such as loratadine (Claritin) are prescribed for seasonal allergies because they: A. Are more effective than first-generation antihistamines B. Are less sedating than first-generation antihistamines C. Are prescription products and, therefore, are covered by insurance D. Can be taken with CNS sedatives, such as alcohol B. Are less sedating than first-generation antihistamines Patients with allergic rhinitis may benefit from a prescription of:  Fluticasone (Flonase)  Cetirizine (Zyrtec)  OTC cromolyn nasal spray (Nasalcrom)  All of the above Nonpharmacological therapy includes increasing fluid intake, using nonmedicated cough drops, nasal saline spray/drops to decrease viscosity of nasal secretions, and rest. Anorexia is often associated with the common cold and fluids may need to be forced to maintain hydration. Infants who are congested cannot breathe and feed at the same time causing fluid intake to be inadequate. Nasal suctioning may be required to clear secretions. Oral decongestants are used for the temporary relief of nasal congestion from the common cold, sinus infections, and allergic rhinitis. They may be used to promote nasal or sinus drainage and are also indicated in the relief of eustachian tube congestion. Pseudoephedrine for those over 4 y/o Viral URI (the common cold) are self-limiting and require no treatment, the goal is relieving irritating symptoms, specifically nasal congestion. ANTIBIOTICS HAVE NO PLACE IN THE TREATMENT OF VIRAL URIs. They can cause antimicrobial resistances to secondary bacterial infections. Antihistamines have not been shown to change the course of the common cold. But many OTC medications contain antihistamines, most likely for their “drying out” effect. Decongestants are the mainstay treatment for the common cold (systemic or topical). Tylenol/Ibuprofen/ASA can be given for fever and malaise. Topical decongestants are safe for 3 consecutive days of use. Topical decongestants adverse effects – transient stinging, burning, sneezing, dryness, local irritation, rebound congestion with prolonged use. Topical decongestants can symptomatically relieve nasal congestion and relieve ear blockage and pressure pain. Topical decongestant adverse reactions – insomnia, dizziness, weakness, tremor, or irregular heartbeat. Topical decongestant meds – Afrin, phenylephrine, oxylmetazoline, Neo-Synephrine Theophylline – a bronchodilator that can affect the blood pressure Monitor decongestant use in cardiac patients as they can increase hypertension from the added vasoconstriction