NSG 533 Advanced Pharmacology Exam 2 | UPDATED
Questions with 100% Verified Answers
Wilkes University • NSG 533
Q1: pain
A: the most common symptom prompting patients to visit primary care providers. More
than 80% of patients who visit physicians report pain. Often remains under treated.
Q2: nociceptive pain
A: pain from a normal process that results in noxious stimuli being perceived as painful.
Explained by ongoing tissue injury.
thermal, mechanical and chemical nociceptors that engage "withdrawal" reflex followed
by inflammatory response to protect injured tissue
Q3: functional pain
A: pain sensitivity due to an abnormal processing or function of the central nervous system
in response to normal stimuli
Q4: neruopathic pain
A: Pain caused by lesions or other damage to the nervous system.
Q5: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy
A: progressive deterioration of nerve function that results in loss of sensory perception
Q6: acute pain
A: is pain that occurs as a result of injury or surgery, under 3 months. Poorly treated acute
pain can cause psychological stress and compromise the immune system. Somatic acute
pain is an injury to skin, bone, joint, muscle and connective tissue. Visceral pain involves
injury to nerves on internal organs. Treat aggressively. Examples: cut hand, menstrual
cramps.
Q7: chronic pain
A: can be intermittent or persistent, more than 3 months. Main affects include a) effects on
physical function b) psychological changes c) social consequences and d) societal
consequences. Usually involving life threatening diseases such as cancers, aids,
progressive neurological diseases, end stage organ failure, dementia. Management
should be multimodal with cognitive interventions, physical manipulations,
pharmacological agents, surgical interventions, and regional or spinal anesthesia.
, Q8: chronic malignant pain
A: Painn is associated with a progressive lifethreatening disease like cancer, aids,
neurologic diseases, end stage organ failure, and dementia. Goal is pain alleviation and
prevention. Dependence or addiction is not a concern. Pain not associated with life
threatening disease and lasting more than 6 months beyond the healing period is
referred to as "chronic nonmalignant pain."
Q9: What are some nonpharmacological approaches to pain?
A: imagery, distraction, relaxation, psychotherapy, biofeedback, cognitive behavioral
therapy, support groups, and spiritual counseling. Physical therapy, heat, cold, water,
ultrasound, TENS, massage and therapeutic exercise.
Q10: WHO 3 step analgesic ladder
A: * 1 nonopioid
* 2 opioid for mild to moderate pain
* 3 opioid for moderate to severe pain
Q11: WHO first step pain ladder
A: mild pain/nonopioid analgesics such as NSAIDS or acetaminophen w/ or w/out adjuvants
(such as pregablin) .. "soreness." Med examples: apap 1000mg q 6hrs, ibu600mg q6 hrs
Q12: NSAIDs
A: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. associated with several clinically significant
contraindications and drug interactions. NSAIDS are equally effective in analgesia,
antipyretic and antiinflammatory effects. Choice should include STEPS (simplicity,
tolerability, evidence, price, safety). If patient fails therapy with an agent from one class of
NSAIDs, use of an agent from another class is reasonable.
Q13: COX2 inhibitors
A: Celecoxib (Celebrex) selective agents (celecoxib) have ideal indication in patients with
high risk for GI bleed, high intolerance of nonselective NSAIDS, or treatment failure with
nonselective agents. NSAIDs are of minimal value in neuropathic pain. NSAIDs produce
a flat dose response curve (celling effect) with higher doses providing no greater
efficacy than moderate doses.
Q14: Acetaminophen
A: Tylenol. blocks PG synthesis in CNS, inhibits peripheral pain impulses. APAP does not
interfere with COX 1 or COX2 and thus has no antiinflammatory benefits.
Questions with 100% Verified Answers
Wilkes University • NSG 533
Q1: pain
A: the most common symptom prompting patients to visit primary care providers. More
than 80% of patients who visit physicians report pain. Often remains under treated.
Q2: nociceptive pain
A: pain from a normal process that results in noxious stimuli being perceived as painful.
Explained by ongoing tissue injury.
thermal, mechanical and chemical nociceptors that engage "withdrawal" reflex followed
by inflammatory response to protect injured tissue
Q3: functional pain
A: pain sensitivity due to an abnormal processing or function of the central nervous system
in response to normal stimuli
Q4: neruopathic pain
A: Pain caused by lesions or other damage to the nervous system.
Q5: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy
A: progressive deterioration of nerve function that results in loss of sensory perception
Q6: acute pain
A: is pain that occurs as a result of injury or surgery, under 3 months. Poorly treated acute
pain can cause psychological stress and compromise the immune system. Somatic acute
pain is an injury to skin, bone, joint, muscle and connective tissue. Visceral pain involves
injury to nerves on internal organs. Treat aggressively. Examples: cut hand, menstrual
cramps.
Q7: chronic pain
A: can be intermittent or persistent, more than 3 months. Main affects include a) effects on
physical function b) psychological changes c) social consequences and d) societal
consequences. Usually involving life threatening diseases such as cancers, aids,
progressive neurological diseases, end stage organ failure, dementia. Management
should be multimodal with cognitive interventions, physical manipulations,
pharmacological agents, surgical interventions, and regional or spinal anesthesia.
, Q8: chronic malignant pain
A: Painn is associated with a progressive lifethreatening disease like cancer, aids,
neurologic diseases, end stage organ failure, and dementia. Goal is pain alleviation and
prevention. Dependence or addiction is not a concern. Pain not associated with life
threatening disease and lasting more than 6 months beyond the healing period is
referred to as "chronic nonmalignant pain."
Q9: What are some nonpharmacological approaches to pain?
A: imagery, distraction, relaxation, psychotherapy, biofeedback, cognitive behavioral
therapy, support groups, and spiritual counseling. Physical therapy, heat, cold, water,
ultrasound, TENS, massage and therapeutic exercise.
Q10: WHO 3 step analgesic ladder
A: * 1 nonopioid
* 2 opioid for mild to moderate pain
* 3 opioid for moderate to severe pain
Q11: WHO first step pain ladder
A: mild pain/nonopioid analgesics such as NSAIDS or acetaminophen w/ or w/out adjuvants
(such as pregablin) .. "soreness." Med examples: apap 1000mg q 6hrs, ibu600mg q6 hrs
Q12: NSAIDs
A: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. associated with several clinically significant
contraindications and drug interactions. NSAIDS are equally effective in analgesia,
antipyretic and antiinflammatory effects. Choice should include STEPS (simplicity,
tolerability, evidence, price, safety). If patient fails therapy with an agent from one class of
NSAIDs, use of an agent from another class is reasonable.
Q13: COX2 inhibitors
A: Celecoxib (Celebrex) selective agents (celecoxib) have ideal indication in patients with
high risk for GI bleed, high intolerance of nonselective NSAIDS, or treatment failure with
nonselective agents. NSAIDs are of minimal value in neuropathic pain. NSAIDs produce
a flat dose response curve (celling effect) with higher doses providing no greater
efficacy than moderate doses.
Q14: Acetaminophen
A: Tylenol. blocks PG synthesis in CNS, inhibits peripheral pain impulses. APAP does not
interfere with COX 1 or COX2 and thus has no antiinflammatory benefits.
