BIOL 1108 Unit 1 | UPDATED Questions with 100% Verified
Answers
Q1: Evolution
A: Change in a population's genetic makeup over generations.
Q2: Gene pool
A: All alleles present across all individuals in a population.
Q3: Ultimate source of new alleles
A: Mutation.
Q4: Role of recombination in variation
A: Reshuffles existing alleles into new combinations during meiosis.
Q5: Inheritance requirement for mutations
A: Must occur in a reproductive cell (sperm/egg lineage).
Q6: Genotype
A: The alleles an individual possesses.
Q7: Phenotype
A: Observable trait produced by the genotype.
Q8: Beta hemoglobin genotypes
A: AA (normal), AS (sicklecell trait), SS (sicklecell disease).
Q9: Homozygous vs. Heterozygous
A: Homozygous has two identical alleles; heterozygous has two different alleles.
, Q10: Genotype frequency formula
A: Number of individuals with genotype / total individuals.
Q11: Allele frequency calculation (890 AA, 100 AS, 10 SS)
A: S allele frequency = (100 + 20) / 2000 = 0.06.
Q12: HardyWeinberg Equilibrium definition
A: Baseline null model where the population is NOT evolving.
Q13: HardyWeinberg equations
A: p + q = 1 (allele) and p² + 2pq + q² = 1 (genotype).
Q14: HardyWeinberg requirements
A: No selection, large population, no drift, no migration, no mutation, random mating.
Q15: Four conditions for natural selection
A: Variation, heritability, competition, and mortality.
Q16: Differential fitness
A: Individuals with certain traits survive and reproduce differently from others.
Q17: Evolutionary fitness definition
A: Relative contribution of an individual to the future gene pool.
Q18: Adaptation
A: Heritable trait increasing reproductive success in a specific environment.
Q19: Balancing selection
A: Selection pattern maintaining multiple alleles/variation in a population.
Answers
Q1: Evolution
A: Change in a population's genetic makeup over generations.
Q2: Gene pool
A: All alleles present across all individuals in a population.
Q3: Ultimate source of new alleles
A: Mutation.
Q4: Role of recombination in variation
A: Reshuffles existing alleles into new combinations during meiosis.
Q5: Inheritance requirement for mutations
A: Must occur in a reproductive cell (sperm/egg lineage).
Q6: Genotype
A: The alleles an individual possesses.
Q7: Phenotype
A: Observable trait produced by the genotype.
Q8: Beta hemoglobin genotypes
A: AA (normal), AS (sicklecell trait), SS (sicklecell disease).
Q9: Homozygous vs. Heterozygous
A: Homozygous has two identical alleles; heterozygous has two different alleles.
, Q10: Genotype frequency formula
A: Number of individuals with genotype / total individuals.
Q11: Allele frequency calculation (890 AA, 100 AS, 10 SS)
A: S allele frequency = (100 + 20) / 2000 = 0.06.
Q12: HardyWeinberg Equilibrium definition
A: Baseline null model where the population is NOT evolving.
Q13: HardyWeinberg equations
A: p + q = 1 (allele) and p² + 2pq + q² = 1 (genotype).
Q14: HardyWeinberg requirements
A: No selection, large population, no drift, no migration, no mutation, random mating.
Q15: Four conditions for natural selection
A: Variation, heritability, competition, and mortality.
Q16: Differential fitness
A: Individuals with certain traits survive and reproduce differently from others.
Q17: Evolutionary fitness definition
A: Relative contribution of an individual to the future gene pool.
Q18: Adaptation
A: Heritable trait increasing reproductive success in a specific environment.
Q19: Balancing selection
A: Selection pattern maintaining multiple alleles/variation in a population.
