Bio 1108 Exam 2 | UPDATED Questions with 100% Verified
Answers
Q1: Photosynthesis Equation
A: CO₂ + H₂O = C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂
Q2: What is oxidized during photosynthesis
A: H₂O producing O₂ as a byproduct
Q3: What is reduced during photosynthesis
A: CO₂ to form carbohydrates
Q4: The Chloroplast
A:
Q5: Endosymbiotic Hypothesis
A: 1. The ancestor of chloroplast was a free living organism that was engulfed by a
eukaryotic cell
2. Over time, the protochloroplast lost the ability to live on its own and became the
organelle chloroplast
Q6: Plant Phylogenies
A:
,Q7: Leaf anatomy
A:
Q8: Electron Donor
A: A molecule that loses electrons
Q9: Lumen
A: In eukaryotes, the continuous interior of the endoplasmic reticulum; in plants, a fluid
filled compartment enclosed by the thylakoid membrane; generally, the interior of any
tubelike structure
Q10: Carboxylation
A: The first step of the Calvin Cycle, in which carbon dioxide absorbed from the air is added
to a 5carbon molecule
Q11: Reaction Center
A: Specially configured chlorophyll molecules where light energy is converted into electron
transport
Q12: Photorespiration
A: A process in which rubisco acts as an oxygenase, resulting in the release of CO2 and a
net loss of energy
Q13: Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH)
A: An important cofactor in many biosynthetic reactions; the reducing agent used in the
Calvin Cycle
Q14: Photosystems
A: A proteinpigment complex that absorbs light energy to drive redox reactions and
thereby sets the photosynthetic electron transport chain in motion
, Q15: Calvin Cycle
A: The process in which carbon dioxide is reduced to synthesize carbohydrates, with ATP
and NADPH as the energy sources
Q16: Photosystem I
A: The photosystem that energizes the electrons with a second input of light energy so they
have enough energy to reduce NADP+
Q17: Regeneration
A: In the context of photosynthesis, the third step of the Calvin Cycle, in which the 5carbon
molecule needed for carboxylation is produced
Q18: Photosystem II
A: The photosystem that supplies electrons to the beginning of the electron transport chain;
can pull electrons from water when losing electrons
Q19: Photosynthetic Electron Transport Chain
A: A series of redox reactions in which light energy absorbed by chlorophyll is used to
power the movement of electrons; in oxygenic photosynthesis, the electrons ultimately
come from water and the terminal electron acceptor is NADP+
Q20: Cyclic Electron Transport
A: An alternative pathway for electrons during the Calvin Cycle that increases the
production of ATP
Q21: Chlorophyll
A: The major photosynthetic pigment contained in the thylakoid membrane; it plays a key
role in the chloroplast's ability to capture energy from sunlight; appears green because it
is poor at absorbing green wavelengths
Q22: Z Scheme
A: Another name for the photosynthetic electron transport chain, so called because the
overall energy trajectory resembles a "Z"
Q23: Ribulose Biphosphate Carboxylase Oxygenase (Rubisco)
A: The enzyme that catalyzes the carboxylation reaction in the Calvin Cycle
Answers
Q1: Photosynthesis Equation
A: CO₂ + H₂O = C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂
Q2: What is oxidized during photosynthesis
A: H₂O producing O₂ as a byproduct
Q3: What is reduced during photosynthesis
A: CO₂ to form carbohydrates
Q4: The Chloroplast
A:
Q5: Endosymbiotic Hypothesis
A: 1. The ancestor of chloroplast was a free living organism that was engulfed by a
eukaryotic cell
2. Over time, the protochloroplast lost the ability to live on its own and became the
organelle chloroplast
Q6: Plant Phylogenies
A:
,Q7: Leaf anatomy
A:
Q8: Electron Donor
A: A molecule that loses electrons
Q9: Lumen
A: In eukaryotes, the continuous interior of the endoplasmic reticulum; in plants, a fluid
filled compartment enclosed by the thylakoid membrane; generally, the interior of any
tubelike structure
Q10: Carboxylation
A: The first step of the Calvin Cycle, in which carbon dioxide absorbed from the air is added
to a 5carbon molecule
Q11: Reaction Center
A: Specially configured chlorophyll molecules where light energy is converted into electron
transport
Q12: Photorespiration
A: A process in which rubisco acts as an oxygenase, resulting in the release of CO2 and a
net loss of energy
Q13: Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH)
A: An important cofactor in many biosynthetic reactions; the reducing agent used in the
Calvin Cycle
Q14: Photosystems
A: A proteinpigment complex that absorbs light energy to drive redox reactions and
thereby sets the photosynthetic electron transport chain in motion
, Q15: Calvin Cycle
A: The process in which carbon dioxide is reduced to synthesize carbohydrates, with ATP
and NADPH as the energy sources
Q16: Photosystem I
A: The photosystem that energizes the electrons with a second input of light energy so they
have enough energy to reduce NADP+
Q17: Regeneration
A: In the context of photosynthesis, the third step of the Calvin Cycle, in which the 5carbon
molecule needed for carboxylation is produced
Q18: Photosystem II
A: The photosystem that supplies electrons to the beginning of the electron transport chain;
can pull electrons from water when losing electrons
Q19: Photosynthetic Electron Transport Chain
A: A series of redox reactions in which light energy absorbed by chlorophyll is used to
power the movement of electrons; in oxygenic photosynthesis, the electrons ultimately
come from water and the terminal electron acceptor is NADP+
Q20: Cyclic Electron Transport
A: An alternative pathway for electrons during the Calvin Cycle that increases the
production of ATP
Q21: Chlorophyll
A: The major photosynthetic pigment contained in the thylakoid membrane; it plays a key
role in the chloroplast's ability to capture energy from sunlight; appears green because it
is poor at absorbing green wavelengths
Q22: Z Scheme
A: Another name for the photosynthetic electron transport chain, so called because the
overall energy trajectory resembles a "Z"
Q23: Ribulose Biphosphate Carboxylase Oxygenase (Rubisco)
A: The enzyme that catalyzes the carboxylation reaction in the Calvin Cycle
