BSNC 6000 Midterm Exam Questions &
Answers (Grade A+)
Appropriate intervention for COPD exacerbation addressing
impaired perfusion -
correct answer ✅Administer O2
Appropriate intervention for heart failure exacerbation addressing
impaired gas exchange -
correct answer ✅Position patient in semi-fowlers
Sign of impaired electrolyte the imbalance in a patient with both
COPD and HF -
correct answer ✅irregular heart beat
Sign of impaired fluid imbalance in a patient with both COPD and
HF -
correct answer ✅Peripheral edema
Physical assessment to distinguish R vs L sided heart failure -
correct answer ✅jugular vein distension (indicates right)
According to the oxygen supply and demand framework, oxygen
supply depends on... -
correct answer ✅Cardiac output and arterial oxygen content
,BSNC 6000 Midterm Exam Questions &
Answers (Grade A+)
Cardiac output depends on... -
correct answer ✅Heart rate and stroke volume (after load is
affected by vascular resistance and aortic impedance, contractility
is affected by Ca2+, ATP, and contractile proteins, and preload is
affected by filling time and venous return)
Arterial oxygen content depends on... -
correct answer ✅Oxygen bound to hemoglobin (affected by hgb
levels and # of RBCs), oxygen dissolved in plasma (PaO2), and $
saturation of Hgb (SaO2)
Alveolar gas exchange, which determines PaCO2 and PaO2, is
affected by... -
correct answer ✅composition of inspired air, ventilation (lung
compliance, airway resistance, neuromuscular function), pulmonary
perfusion (blood vessel latency, central perfusion), and alveolar
capillary diffusion (surface area, pressure gradient, diffusion
distance)
According to the oxygen supply and demand framework, oxygen
demand depends on... -
,BSNC 6000 Midterm Exam Questions &
Answers (Grade A+)
correct answer ✅metabolic demand (determined by temperature,
stress, and physical activity)
Clinical manifestations of acute HF and COPD exacerbation -
correct answer ✅decreased O2 sats, increased CO2, irregular HR
(due to electrolyte balance and salbutamol), low HgB, lactic acid
buildup, low diastolic BP, edema (peripheral and pulmonary), poor
CWMS, dizziness, low EF, increase RR
Pharmacological management of clients experiencing exacerbation
of COPD and HF -
correct answer ✅Salbutamol: bronchodilator, used as long term
agent in COPD
Atrovent: controlling symptoms of COPD by relaxing airway muscles
Steroids (anti-inflammatories): help reduce inflammation in lungs,
however can increase fluid retention in HF
Furosemide: prevent fluid retention, helps peripheral and
pulmonary edema (may cause dehydration or electrolyte
imbalance)
, BSNC 6000 Midterm Exam Questions &
Answers (Grade A+)
Definition of delirium -
correct answer ✅Acute confusional state
Risks of delirium -
correct answer ✅Infection, multiple medications, change in
environment, dehydration, surgery, injury, constipation, pain
Outcomes of delirium + treatment -
correct answer ✅changes in mood, alertness, agitation,
drowsiness, hallucinations, delusions, disturbed sleep, disorganized
thinking. Treated by addressing cause, occasionally by
antipsychotics (haloperidol)
Definition of dementia -
correct answer ✅a general term for the impaired ability to
remember, think, or make decisions that interferes with doing
everyday activities
Outcomes of dementia -
correct answer ✅decline in communication, learning,
remembering, and problem solving
Answers (Grade A+)
Appropriate intervention for COPD exacerbation addressing
impaired perfusion -
correct answer ✅Administer O2
Appropriate intervention for heart failure exacerbation addressing
impaired gas exchange -
correct answer ✅Position patient in semi-fowlers
Sign of impaired electrolyte the imbalance in a patient with both
COPD and HF -
correct answer ✅irregular heart beat
Sign of impaired fluid imbalance in a patient with both COPD and
HF -
correct answer ✅Peripheral edema
Physical assessment to distinguish R vs L sided heart failure -
correct answer ✅jugular vein distension (indicates right)
According to the oxygen supply and demand framework, oxygen
supply depends on... -
correct answer ✅Cardiac output and arterial oxygen content
,BSNC 6000 Midterm Exam Questions &
Answers (Grade A+)
Cardiac output depends on... -
correct answer ✅Heart rate and stroke volume (after load is
affected by vascular resistance and aortic impedance, contractility
is affected by Ca2+, ATP, and contractile proteins, and preload is
affected by filling time and venous return)
Arterial oxygen content depends on... -
correct answer ✅Oxygen bound to hemoglobin (affected by hgb
levels and # of RBCs), oxygen dissolved in plasma (PaO2), and $
saturation of Hgb (SaO2)
Alveolar gas exchange, which determines PaCO2 and PaO2, is
affected by... -
correct answer ✅composition of inspired air, ventilation (lung
compliance, airway resistance, neuromuscular function), pulmonary
perfusion (blood vessel latency, central perfusion), and alveolar
capillary diffusion (surface area, pressure gradient, diffusion
distance)
According to the oxygen supply and demand framework, oxygen
demand depends on... -
,BSNC 6000 Midterm Exam Questions &
Answers (Grade A+)
correct answer ✅metabolic demand (determined by temperature,
stress, and physical activity)
Clinical manifestations of acute HF and COPD exacerbation -
correct answer ✅decreased O2 sats, increased CO2, irregular HR
(due to electrolyte balance and salbutamol), low HgB, lactic acid
buildup, low diastolic BP, edema (peripheral and pulmonary), poor
CWMS, dizziness, low EF, increase RR
Pharmacological management of clients experiencing exacerbation
of COPD and HF -
correct answer ✅Salbutamol: bronchodilator, used as long term
agent in COPD
Atrovent: controlling symptoms of COPD by relaxing airway muscles
Steroids (anti-inflammatories): help reduce inflammation in lungs,
however can increase fluid retention in HF
Furosemide: prevent fluid retention, helps peripheral and
pulmonary edema (may cause dehydration or electrolyte
imbalance)
, BSNC 6000 Midterm Exam Questions &
Answers (Grade A+)
Definition of delirium -
correct answer ✅Acute confusional state
Risks of delirium -
correct answer ✅Infection, multiple medications, change in
environment, dehydration, surgery, injury, constipation, pain
Outcomes of delirium + treatment -
correct answer ✅changes in mood, alertness, agitation,
drowsiness, hallucinations, delusions, disturbed sleep, disorganized
thinking. Treated by addressing cause, occasionally by
antipsychotics (haloperidol)
Definition of dementia -
correct answer ✅a general term for the impaired ability to
remember, think, or make decisions that interferes with doing
everyday activities
Outcomes of dementia -
correct answer ✅decline in communication, learning,
remembering, and problem solving
