BSNC 5000 - Pediatrics Exam Questions
& Answers (Grade A+)
Differences in Neurological System -
correct answer ✅Infants
- immature nerve myelination (lower pain threshold)
- underdeveloped peripheral nervous system (poor
thermoregulation, gross motor movements)
Children:
- cognitive and psychological development varies with age (impact
on the strategies used to evaluate and manage neurology)
Differences in HEENT -
correct answer ✅Infants:
- infants and small children have smaller airways (Minor injuries
and slight swelling can rapidly compromise their ability to breath.)
- newborns have 2 fontanels. The anterior closes at 10-16 months,
and the posterior closes at birth-3 months (gives them an
additional means for compensating in the event of increased
intracranial pressure)
Children:
,BSNC 5000 - Pediatrics Exam Questions
& Answers (Grade A+)
- young children have relatively large heads and underdeveloped
musculature (sustain higher proportions of isolated head injuries
than older children and obtain more upper C-spine region injuries)
- under the age of 8 they are susceptible to spinal cord injury
without radiological abnormality (SCIWORA)
Differences in Respiratory System -
correct answer ✅Infants:
- Infants < 6 months are obligate nose breathers (respiratory
distress if object in nose)
- Higher oxygen requirements and smaller respiratory reserve
(more prone to desaturation)
Children:
- Smaller airways and lung volumes (increased resistance to airflow
and risk of obstruction)
- Limited energy reserves (RR is high which leads to fatigued chest
wall musculature and diaphragm)
- Immature development of respiratory musculature and compliant
rib structure (compliant ribs can cause chest wall to collapse and w/
increasing effort and ventilation can become compromised)
,BSNC 5000 - Pediatrics Exam Questions
& Answers (Grade A+)
Differences in Cardiovascular System -
correct answer ✅CO = HRXSV
Infants:
Children:
- Circulating blood volume is relatively larger and muscle mass of
heart is immature (small blood losses can have a greater impact
and they cannot increase stroke volume to increase cardiac output;
they can only increase their heart rate)
- SV is lower in children so they compensate by increasing HR (when
they begin to decompensate they cannot sustain their cardiac
output at a level that maintains their cardiovascular functioning and
deteriorate quickly) *low BP is a sign of decompensation
Differences in Gastrointestinal System -
correct answer ✅Children:
- children have smaller stomachs their stomach empties faster, and
their small intestine is proportionately longer than that of an adult (
secrete proportionately more fluids & electrolytes into the intestine
than adults do so when they have a GI illness they are prone to
severe fluid & electrolyte depletion due to the increase % of their
body composition being water)
, BSNC 5000 - Pediatrics Exam Questions
& Answers (Grade A+)
- the liver in children is immature (they are unable to reabsorb
amino acids and hold onto fluids so they are at an increase risk for
dehydration)
Differences in Genital-Urinary System -
correct answer ✅Infants:
- infants have immature kidneys until 12 months of age and have a
decreased ability to concentrate urine (heightened risk for severe
dehydration)
Differences in Muscle-Skeletal System -
correct answer ✅Infants:
Children:
- bones are more elastic, bones bend more easily resulting in
greenstick fractures, and faster bone healing unless break is in
epiphyseal plates which can cause impact on bone growth
- liver and spleen are less protected by the rib cage and are thus at
greater risk from blunt abdominal trauma
Differences in Skin -
correct answer ✅Infants
& Answers (Grade A+)
Differences in Neurological System -
correct answer ✅Infants
- immature nerve myelination (lower pain threshold)
- underdeveloped peripheral nervous system (poor
thermoregulation, gross motor movements)
Children:
- cognitive and psychological development varies with age (impact
on the strategies used to evaluate and manage neurology)
Differences in HEENT -
correct answer ✅Infants:
- infants and small children have smaller airways (Minor injuries
and slight swelling can rapidly compromise their ability to breath.)
- newborns have 2 fontanels. The anterior closes at 10-16 months,
and the posterior closes at birth-3 months (gives them an
additional means for compensating in the event of increased
intracranial pressure)
Children:
,BSNC 5000 - Pediatrics Exam Questions
& Answers (Grade A+)
- young children have relatively large heads and underdeveloped
musculature (sustain higher proportions of isolated head injuries
than older children and obtain more upper C-spine region injuries)
- under the age of 8 they are susceptible to spinal cord injury
without radiological abnormality (SCIWORA)
Differences in Respiratory System -
correct answer ✅Infants:
- Infants < 6 months are obligate nose breathers (respiratory
distress if object in nose)
- Higher oxygen requirements and smaller respiratory reserve
(more prone to desaturation)
Children:
- Smaller airways and lung volumes (increased resistance to airflow
and risk of obstruction)
- Limited energy reserves (RR is high which leads to fatigued chest
wall musculature and diaphragm)
- Immature development of respiratory musculature and compliant
rib structure (compliant ribs can cause chest wall to collapse and w/
increasing effort and ventilation can become compromised)
,BSNC 5000 - Pediatrics Exam Questions
& Answers (Grade A+)
Differences in Cardiovascular System -
correct answer ✅CO = HRXSV
Infants:
Children:
- Circulating blood volume is relatively larger and muscle mass of
heart is immature (small blood losses can have a greater impact
and they cannot increase stroke volume to increase cardiac output;
they can only increase their heart rate)
- SV is lower in children so they compensate by increasing HR (when
they begin to decompensate they cannot sustain their cardiac
output at a level that maintains their cardiovascular functioning and
deteriorate quickly) *low BP is a sign of decompensation
Differences in Gastrointestinal System -
correct answer ✅Children:
- children have smaller stomachs their stomach empties faster, and
their small intestine is proportionately longer than that of an adult (
secrete proportionately more fluids & electrolytes into the intestine
than adults do so when they have a GI illness they are prone to
severe fluid & electrolyte depletion due to the increase % of their
body composition being water)
, BSNC 5000 - Pediatrics Exam Questions
& Answers (Grade A+)
- the liver in children is immature (they are unable to reabsorb
amino acids and hold onto fluids so they are at an increase risk for
dehydration)
Differences in Genital-Urinary System -
correct answer ✅Infants:
- infants have immature kidneys until 12 months of age and have a
decreased ability to concentrate urine (heightened risk for severe
dehydration)
Differences in Muscle-Skeletal System -
correct answer ✅Infants:
Children:
- bones are more elastic, bones bend more easily resulting in
greenstick fractures, and faster bone healing unless break is in
epiphyseal plates which can cause impact on bone growth
- liver and spleen are less protected by the rib cage and are thus at
greater risk from blunt abdominal trauma
Differences in Skin -
correct answer ✅Infants
