Cardio q 3 rosh questions
A
A 6-month-old infant presents with peripheral edema and hypertension. Skin color is normal. A murmur
is not appreciated. However, the blood pressure is markedly higher in the arms than legs. Which of the
following is the most likely diagnosis?
A Aortic coarctation
B Great artery transposition
C Patent ductus arteriosus
D Tetralogy of Fallot
The "figure-3" sign, characterized by prestenotic aortic dilation, coarctation indentation, and
poststenotic aortic dilation.
What is the classic radiographic abnormality seen in aortic coarctation?
D
A 14-day old boy is brought to clinic for a well-child check. The boy was born full-term via normal
spontaneous vaginal delivery to a G2, P2 mother who had limited prenatal care. There were no
complications at delivery. The boy has not yet regained birth weight and has been breastfeeding poorly.
On physical examination, you note bluish discoloration of the lips and oral mucosa, clear breath sounds
and a harsh left upper sternal border murmur. Which of the following chest X-ray findings is consistent
with Tetralogy of Fallot?
A Egg-shaped heart
B Heart shaped like a snowman
C Increased pulmonary blood flow
D Lack of vascular congestion
Tetralogy of Fallot
What is the most common cardiac cause for cyanosis of children (of any age)?
A
A 24-year-old pregnant woman presents to the urgent care clinic where you are working. During your
assessment, she states that she saw her obstetrician when she first became pregnant but has not had any
follow-up care since. You also find out that she has bipolar disorder and took lithium throughout the
first trimester. What congenital abnormality is the fetus at risk of developing?
A Ebstein’s anomaly
, B Eisenmenger’s syndrome
C Pulmonary atresia
D Tetralogy of Fallot
Split S2 and a systolic murmur.
What abnormal heart sounds would be heard with Ebstein's anomaly?
D
Which of the following is the most common congenital heart defect?
A Atrial septal defect
B Coarctation of the aorta
C Patent ductus arteriosus
D Ventricular septal defect
Eisenmenger syndrome. Progressive high pulmonary vascular pressure alters flow from left to right
through the VSD to right to left, leading to cyanosis.
What syndrome is associated with a ventricular septal defect (VSD) that results in right-to-left
shunting?
B
Closure of the ductus arteriosus begins when levels of which of the following substances increases in
the immediate post-natal period?
A Adrenocorticotrophic hormone
B Bradykinin
C Prostaglandin E1
D Pulmonary surfactant
Indomethacin, a prostaglandin inhibitor.
Which medication is used to close a patent ductus arteriosus, especially in a premature infant?
D
A 3-day-old baby girl has a holosystolic murmur along the left lower sternal border. What is the most
likely diagnosis?
A Aortic stenosis
B Atrial septal defect
C Patent ductus arteriosus
D Ventricular septal defect
A
A 6-month-old infant presents with peripheral edema and hypertension. Skin color is normal. A murmur
is not appreciated. However, the blood pressure is markedly higher in the arms than legs. Which of the
following is the most likely diagnosis?
A Aortic coarctation
B Great artery transposition
C Patent ductus arteriosus
D Tetralogy of Fallot
The "figure-3" sign, characterized by prestenotic aortic dilation, coarctation indentation, and
poststenotic aortic dilation.
What is the classic radiographic abnormality seen in aortic coarctation?
D
A 14-day old boy is brought to clinic for a well-child check. The boy was born full-term via normal
spontaneous vaginal delivery to a G2, P2 mother who had limited prenatal care. There were no
complications at delivery. The boy has not yet regained birth weight and has been breastfeeding poorly.
On physical examination, you note bluish discoloration of the lips and oral mucosa, clear breath sounds
and a harsh left upper sternal border murmur. Which of the following chest X-ray findings is consistent
with Tetralogy of Fallot?
A Egg-shaped heart
B Heart shaped like a snowman
C Increased pulmonary blood flow
D Lack of vascular congestion
Tetralogy of Fallot
What is the most common cardiac cause for cyanosis of children (of any age)?
A
A 24-year-old pregnant woman presents to the urgent care clinic where you are working. During your
assessment, she states that she saw her obstetrician when she first became pregnant but has not had any
follow-up care since. You also find out that she has bipolar disorder and took lithium throughout the
first trimester. What congenital abnormality is the fetus at risk of developing?
A Ebstein’s anomaly
, B Eisenmenger’s syndrome
C Pulmonary atresia
D Tetralogy of Fallot
Split S2 and a systolic murmur.
What abnormal heart sounds would be heard with Ebstein's anomaly?
D
Which of the following is the most common congenital heart defect?
A Atrial septal defect
B Coarctation of the aorta
C Patent ductus arteriosus
D Ventricular septal defect
Eisenmenger syndrome. Progressive high pulmonary vascular pressure alters flow from left to right
through the VSD to right to left, leading to cyanosis.
What syndrome is associated with a ventricular septal defect (VSD) that results in right-to-left
shunting?
B
Closure of the ductus arteriosus begins when levels of which of the following substances increases in
the immediate post-natal period?
A Adrenocorticotrophic hormone
B Bradykinin
C Prostaglandin E1
D Pulmonary surfactant
Indomethacin, a prostaglandin inhibitor.
Which medication is used to close a patent ductus arteriosus, especially in a premature infant?
D
A 3-day-old baby girl has a holosystolic murmur along the left lower sternal border. What is the most
likely diagnosis?
A Aortic stenosis
B Atrial septal defect
C Patent ductus arteriosus
D Ventricular septal defect
