TEST BANK
Nutritional Foundations and Clinical Applications
MICHELE GRODNER, SYLVIA ESCOTT-STUMP, SUZANNE DORNER
7th Edition
,ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
23456ÿ78ÿ97 6 ÿ
2ÿÿ6556 ÿ7 ÿ3ÿ6ÿÿ756ÿ
ÿ
! ""ÿ#$%&'%'(!ÿ
)
ÿ* &"(!+ÿ+!,ÿ-(..$!'%/ÿ#$%&'%'(!ÿ
ÿ
ÿ 2ÿÿ6 ÿ077ÿ3ÿ1635ÿ
2
ÿ3'4 "%'(!5ÿ67"(&8%'(!5ÿ+!,ÿ9 %+7('".ÿ
:
ÿ-+&7(;/,&+% "ÿ
<
ÿ=+%"ÿ
>
ÿ*&(% '!ÿ
?
ÿ@'%+.'!"ÿ
A
ÿ
+% &ÿ+!,ÿ9'! &+"ÿ
ÿ
ÿ 2ÿÿ1635ÿ7B77 ÿ7ÿ7ÿ3ÿÿ3CC6ÿ
D
ÿE! &4/5ÿ
'4;%ÿ+!,ÿ='%! ""ÿ
F
ÿ#$%&'%'(!ÿ+G&(""ÿ%; ÿH'I ÿJ8+!ÿ
ÿ
ÿ 2ÿKÿLM6M6Nÿ78ÿO6C35ÿ7 ÿ263PQÿ
ÿ#$%&'%'(!ÿ6"" "". !%ÿ+!,ÿ*+%' !%ÿ-+& ÿ
)
ÿ=((,RS +% ,ÿT""$ "ÿ
2
ÿ#$%&'%'(!ÿI(&ÿ3'"(&, &"ÿ(Iÿ%; ÿU+"%&('!% "%'!+ÿV&+G%ÿ
:
ÿ#$%&'%'(!ÿI(&ÿ3'"(&, &"ÿ(Iÿ%; ÿH'W &5ÿU+7+,, &5ÿ+!,ÿ*+!G& +"ÿ
<
ÿ#$%&'%'(!ÿI(&ÿ3'+7 % "ÿ9 '%$"ÿ
>
ÿ#$%&'%'(!ÿ'!ÿ9 %+7('GÿJ%& ""XÿY$&!"5ÿV&+$.+5ÿ+!,ÿJ$&4 &/ÿ
?
ÿ#$%&'%'(!ÿI(&ÿ-+&,'(8$.(!+&/ÿ3'" +" ÿ
A
ÿ#$%&'%'(!ÿI(&ÿ3'" +" "ÿ(Iÿ%; ÿZ',! /"ÿ
D
ÿ#$%&'%'(!ÿI(&ÿ# $&(R*"/G;'+%&'Gÿ3'"(&, &"ÿ
)F
ÿ#$%&'%'(!ÿ'!ÿ-+!G &ÿ+!,ÿ[T@R6T3Jÿ
,ÿ
01234245678ÿ51672456ÿ76
8 464!"78ÿ#ÿ$%$&84!'7(245"6"ÿ&)
2*+(&ÿ4
2456
,"ÿÿ356-3ÿ.-2ÿ/760ÿ
ÿ
1234567ÿ9:;ÿ<6==>6??ÿ@A57B5BC>ÿ
ÿ
D7CE>67ÿ65ÿ3=F;ÿ@A57B5BC>3=ÿGCA>E35BC>?ÿ3>Eÿ1=B>BH3=ÿI44=BH35BC>?;ÿIÿ@A7?B>JI447C3H2KÿL52ÿMEB5BC>ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
NOPQRSPMÿ1TUR1Mÿ
ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
VWÿ+X7Y$8-ÿ5Zÿ46Z53Y78ÿ-1!72456ÿ46!81-ÿ
ÿ
7Wÿ722-646[ÿ7ÿ\530*5$ÿ56ÿ!535673]ÿ732-3]ÿ4-7-ÿ$5653-ÿ^]ÿ2*-ÿ#Y-34!76ÿ_-732ÿ
#5!472456Wÿ
^Wÿ\72!*46[ÿ7ÿ2-8-`4456ÿ*5\ÿ7^512ÿ47^-2-Wÿ
ÿ
!Wÿ8-73646[ÿ7^512ÿZ55ÿ7Z-2]ÿ2-!*64a1-ÿ46ÿ7ÿ*4[*ÿ!*558ÿ-!565Y4!ÿ!513-Wÿ
ÿ
Wÿb54646[ÿ7ÿ1$$532ÿ[351$ÿ25ÿ*-8$ÿ5`-3!5Y-ÿ76ÿ-7246[ÿ453-3Wÿ
ÿ #0cdÿ/ÿ
ÿ
e72!*46[ÿ7ÿ2-8-`4456ÿ*5\ÿ7^512ÿ47^-2-ÿ4ÿ76ÿ-X7Y$8-ÿ5Zÿ46Z53Y78ÿ-1!72456ÿ^-!71-ÿ42ÿ4ÿ
76ÿ-X$-34-6!-ÿ2*72ÿ5!!13ÿ2*351[*ÿ7ÿ748]ÿ7!24̀42]Wÿ#22-646[ÿ7ÿ\530*5$ÿ53ÿb54646[ÿ7ÿ1$$532ÿ
[351$ÿ\518ÿ^-ÿ!564-3-ÿ656Z53Y78ÿ-1!72456fÿ7ÿ*4[*ÿ!*558ÿ!513-ÿ\518ÿ^-ÿ!564-3-ÿ
Z53Y78ÿ-1!72456Wÿ
ÿ
ghdÿ
5[6424̀-ÿi-`-8dÿ#$$8]46[ÿ j+ dÿk7[-ÿVlÿ
ÿ
.mkdÿ01346[ÿk35!-dÿhY$8-Y-6272456ÿ nc
dÿ
84-62ÿ0--dÿ_-782*ÿk35Y52456ÿ76ÿn7462-676!-ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
oWÿ#ÿ!588-[-ÿ21-62ÿ-X-3!4-ÿ3-[18738]ÿ76ÿ[-6-3788]ÿ-72ÿ7ÿ*-782*]ÿ̀734-2]ÿ5ZÿZ55pÿ4ÿ27046[ÿ7ÿ
!513-ÿ46ÿ[-6-378ÿ612342456pÿ^1]ÿ85!788]ÿ$351!-ÿZ55ÿ\*-6-`-3ÿ$54^8-pÿ4ÿ76ÿ7!24̀-ÿ
Y-Y^-3ÿ5Zÿ76ÿ56q!7Y$1ÿZ742*q^7-ÿ53[764r72456pÿ76ÿ0--$ÿ7ÿb513678ÿ25ÿ*-8$ÿ$35!-ÿ*-3ÿ
-Y52456Wÿe*72ÿ-8-ÿ!518ÿ^-s4Yt $53u
2762vZ53ÿw
*-x3y
25ÿ46z!81-ÿ46ÿ*-3ÿ84Z-ÿ46ÿ53-3ÿ25ÿ-`-85$ÿ*-3ÿ
5`-3788ÿ\-886-{ÿ |ÿ~ÿsÿÿ ÿ
7Wÿ,35\46[ÿ5Y-ÿ5Zÿ*-3ÿ5\6ÿZ55ÿ
ÿ
s|t~usvwxyzÿ
, ÿ
01234245678ÿ51672456ÿ76
8 464!"78ÿ#ÿ$%$&84!'7(245"6"ÿ&)
2*+(&ÿ4
2456
,"ÿÿ356-3ÿ.-2ÿ/760ÿ
ÿ
23ÿ4--$465ÿ7ÿ655ÿ3-!53ÿ25ÿ*-8$ÿ-778172-ÿ8*72ÿ*-ÿ-72ÿ
ÿ
!3ÿ+72465ÿ9-78ÿ842*ÿ634-6ÿ2*3515*512ÿ2*-ÿ8--0ÿ
ÿ
3ÿ:--2465ÿ842*ÿ7ÿ3-542-3-ÿ4-242476ÿ25ÿ3-74-8ÿ*-3ÿ655ÿ!*54!-ÿ
ÿ #0;<ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
=>??@>AAÿ>@CD@E>AÿDÿF>GAH@IAÿ?>J>?ÿHKÿC>D?LCÿLCGHMNCÿO>J>?HFP>@LÿHKÿ>DECÿHKÿLC>ÿAQRÿ
49-6456ÿ56ÿ*-782*<ÿ$*S4!78ÿ*-782*Tÿ462-88-!2178ÿ*-782*Tÿ-95245678ÿ*-782*Tÿ5!478ÿ*-782*Tÿ
$4342178ÿ*-782*Tÿ76ÿ-6743569-6278ÿ*-782*3ÿ+U-3!4-ÿ76ÿ-72465ÿ7ÿ*-782*Sÿ7734-2Sÿ56ÿ655ÿ*-8$ÿ
-7-85$ÿ$*S4!78ÿ*-782*Vÿ270465ÿ7ÿ!513-ÿ46ÿ5-6-378ÿ612342456ÿ*-8$ÿ-7-85$ÿ462-88-!2178ÿ*-782*Vÿ
21S465ÿ85!788Sÿ$351!-ÿ655ÿ*-8$ÿ-7-85$ÿ-6743569-6278ÿ*-782*Vÿ2-465ÿ$732ÿ56ÿ7ÿ6742*W27-ÿ
535764X72456ÿ*-8$ÿ-7-85$ÿ$4342178ÿ*-782*Vÿ76ÿ0--$465ÿ7ÿY513678ÿ*-8$ÿ-7-85$ÿ-95245678ÿ
*-782*3ÿ.*-ÿ94465ÿ49-6456ÿ46ÿ2*4ÿ-U79$8-ÿ4ÿ-7-85$9-62ÿ56ÿ5!478ÿ*-782*Vÿ-72465ÿ9-78ÿ
842*ÿ634-6ÿ2*3515*512ÿ2*-ÿ8--0ÿ8518ÿ7ÿ2*4ÿ49-64563ÿ,358465ÿ*-3ÿ586ÿ655ÿ8518ÿ2-ÿ
7652*-3ÿ-U79$8-ÿ56ÿ-6743569-6278ÿ*-782*Vÿ0--$465ÿ7ÿ655ÿ3-!53ÿ8518ÿ2-ÿ7652*-3ÿ!5623421253ÿ
25ÿ$*S4!78ÿ*-782*Vÿ76ÿ9--2465ÿ842*ÿ7ÿ3-542-3-ÿ4-242476ÿ97Sÿ!56234212-ÿ25ÿ$*S4!78Tÿ
462-88-!2178Tÿ76ÿ-95245678ÿ*-782*3ÿ
ÿ
Z[<ÿ
5564247-ÿ\-7-8<ÿ#678SX465ÿ ]+ <ÿ^75-ÿ)ÿ_ÿ^75-ÿ̀ÿ
ÿ
.a^<ÿ013465ÿ^35!-<ÿ#-9-62ÿ :;
<ÿ
84-62ÿ0--<ÿb-782*ÿ^35952456ÿ76ÿ:7462-676!-ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
c3ÿ 53ÿ7ÿ!84-62ÿ8*5ÿ4ÿ94465ÿ9-78ÿ2-!71-ÿ56ÿ$553ÿ$8766465ÿ53ÿ4ÿ255ÿ21Sÿ25ÿ-72Tÿ-95245678ÿ
*-782*ÿ!76ÿ2-ÿ766-!2-ÿ2Sÿ Tÿ8*4!*ÿ!76ÿ!71-ÿ!5661456ÿ53ÿ76U4-2S3ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
defghdijklmnoÿ
Nutritional Foundations and Clinical Applications
MICHELE GRODNER, SYLVIA ESCOTT-STUMP, SUZANNE DORNER
7th Edition
,ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
23456ÿ78ÿ97 6 ÿ
2ÿÿ6556 ÿ7 ÿ3ÿ6ÿÿ756ÿ
ÿ
! ""ÿ#$%&'%'(!ÿ
)
ÿ* &"(!+ÿ+!,ÿ-(..$!'%/ÿ#$%&'%'(!ÿ
ÿ
ÿ 2ÿÿ6 ÿ077ÿ3ÿ1635ÿ
2
ÿ3'4 "%'(!5ÿ67"(&8%'(!5ÿ+!,ÿ9 %+7('".ÿ
:
ÿ-+&7(;/,&+% "ÿ
<
ÿ=+%"ÿ
>
ÿ*&(% '!ÿ
?
ÿ@'%+.'!"ÿ
A
ÿ
+% &ÿ+!,ÿ9'! &+"ÿ
ÿ
ÿ 2ÿÿ1635ÿ7B77 ÿ7ÿ7ÿ3ÿÿ3CC6ÿ
D
ÿE! &4/5ÿ
'4;%ÿ+!,ÿ='%! ""ÿ
F
ÿ#$%&'%'(!ÿ+G&(""ÿ%; ÿH'I ÿJ8+!ÿ
ÿ
ÿ 2ÿKÿLM6M6Nÿ78ÿO6C35ÿ7 ÿ263PQÿ
ÿ#$%&'%'(!ÿ6"" "". !%ÿ+!,ÿ*+%' !%ÿ-+& ÿ
)
ÿ=((,RS +% ,ÿT""$ "ÿ
2
ÿ#$%&'%'(!ÿI(&ÿ3'"(&, &"ÿ(Iÿ%; ÿU+"%&('!% "%'!+ÿV&+G%ÿ
:
ÿ#$%&'%'(!ÿI(&ÿ3'"(&, &"ÿ(Iÿ%; ÿH'W &5ÿU+7+,, &5ÿ+!,ÿ*+!G& +"ÿ
<
ÿ#$%&'%'(!ÿI(&ÿ3'+7 % "ÿ9 '%$"ÿ
>
ÿ#$%&'%'(!ÿ'!ÿ9 %+7('GÿJ%& ""XÿY$&!"5ÿV&+$.+5ÿ+!,ÿJ$&4 &/ÿ
?
ÿ#$%&'%'(!ÿI(&ÿ-+&,'(8$.(!+&/ÿ3'" +" ÿ
A
ÿ#$%&'%'(!ÿI(&ÿ3'" +" "ÿ(Iÿ%; ÿZ',! /"ÿ
D
ÿ#$%&'%'(!ÿI(&ÿ# $&(R*"/G;'+%&'Gÿ3'"(&, &"ÿ
)F
ÿ#$%&'%'(!ÿ'!ÿ-+!G &ÿ+!,ÿ[T@R6T3Jÿ
,ÿ
01234245678ÿ51672456ÿ76
8 464!"78ÿ#ÿ$%$&84!'7(245"6"ÿ&)
2*+(&ÿ4
2456
,"ÿÿ356-3ÿ.-2ÿ/760ÿ
ÿ
1234567ÿ9:;ÿ<6==>6??ÿ@A57B5BC>ÿ
ÿ
D7CE>67ÿ65ÿ3=F;ÿ@A57B5BC>3=ÿGCA>E35BC>?ÿ3>Eÿ1=B>BH3=ÿI44=BH35BC>?;ÿIÿ@A7?B>JI447C3H2KÿL52ÿMEB5BC>ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
NOPQRSPMÿ1TUR1Mÿ
ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
VWÿ+X7Y$8-ÿ5Zÿ46Z53Y78ÿ-1!72456ÿ46!81-ÿ
ÿ
7Wÿ722-646[ÿ7ÿ\530*5$ÿ56ÿ!535673]ÿ732-3]ÿ4-7-ÿ$5653-ÿ^]ÿ2*-ÿ#Y-34!76ÿ_-732ÿ
#5!472456Wÿ
^Wÿ\72!*46[ÿ7ÿ2-8-`4456ÿ*5\ÿ7^512ÿ47^-2-Wÿ
ÿ
!Wÿ8-73646[ÿ7^512ÿZ55ÿ7Z-2]ÿ2-!*64a1-ÿ46ÿ7ÿ*4[*ÿ!*558ÿ-!565Y4!ÿ!513-Wÿ
ÿ
Wÿb54646[ÿ7ÿ1$$532ÿ[351$ÿ25ÿ*-8$ÿ5`-3!5Y-ÿ76ÿ-7246[ÿ453-3Wÿ
ÿ #0cdÿ/ÿ
ÿ
e72!*46[ÿ7ÿ2-8-`4456ÿ*5\ÿ7^512ÿ47^-2-ÿ4ÿ76ÿ-X7Y$8-ÿ5Zÿ46Z53Y78ÿ-1!72456ÿ^-!71-ÿ42ÿ4ÿ
76ÿ-X$-34-6!-ÿ2*72ÿ5!!13ÿ2*351[*ÿ7ÿ748]ÿ7!24̀42]Wÿ#22-646[ÿ7ÿ\530*5$ÿ53ÿb54646[ÿ7ÿ1$$532ÿ
[351$ÿ\518ÿ^-ÿ!564-3-ÿ656Z53Y78ÿ-1!72456fÿ7ÿ*4[*ÿ!*558ÿ!513-ÿ\518ÿ^-ÿ!564-3-ÿ
Z53Y78ÿ-1!72456Wÿ
ÿ
ghdÿ
5[6424̀-ÿi-`-8dÿ#$$8]46[ÿ j+ dÿk7[-ÿVlÿ
ÿ
.mkdÿ01346[ÿk35!-dÿhY$8-Y-6272456ÿ nc
dÿ
84-62ÿ0--dÿ_-782*ÿk35Y52456ÿ76ÿn7462-676!-ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
oWÿ#ÿ!588-[-ÿ21-62ÿ-X-3!4-ÿ3-[18738]ÿ76ÿ[-6-3788]ÿ-72ÿ7ÿ*-782*]ÿ̀734-2]ÿ5ZÿZ55pÿ4ÿ27046[ÿ7ÿ
!513-ÿ46ÿ[-6-378ÿ612342456pÿ^1]ÿ85!788]ÿ$351!-ÿZ55ÿ\*-6-`-3ÿ$54^8-pÿ4ÿ76ÿ7!24̀-ÿ
Y-Y^-3ÿ5Zÿ76ÿ56q!7Y$1ÿZ742*q^7-ÿ53[764r72456pÿ76ÿ0--$ÿ7ÿb513678ÿ25ÿ*-8$ÿ$35!-ÿ*-3ÿ
-Y52456Wÿe*72ÿ-8-ÿ!518ÿ^-s4Yt $53u
2762vZ53ÿw
*-x3y
25ÿ46z!81-ÿ46ÿ*-3ÿ84Z-ÿ46ÿ53-3ÿ25ÿ-`-85$ÿ*-3ÿ
5`-3788ÿ\-886-{ÿ |ÿ~ÿsÿÿ ÿ
7Wÿ,35\46[ÿ5Y-ÿ5Zÿ*-3ÿ5\6ÿZ55ÿ
ÿ
s|t~usvwxyzÿ
, ÿ
01234245678ÿ51672456ÿ76
8 464!"78ÿ#ÿ$%$&84!'7(245"6"ÿ&)
2*+(&ÿ4
2456
,"ÿÿ356-3ÿ.-2ÿ/760ÿ
ÿ
23ÿ4--$465ÿ7ÿ655ÿ3-!53ÿ25ÿ*-8$ÿ-778172-ÿ8*72ÿ*-ÿ-72ÿ
ÿ
!3ÿ+72465ÿ9-78ÿ842*ÿ634-6ÿ2*3515*512ÿ2*-ÿ8--0ÿ
ÿ
3ÿ:--2465ÿ842*ÿ7ÿ3-542-3-ÿ4-242476ÿ25ÿ3-74-8ÿ*-3ÿ655ÿ!*54!-ÿ
ÿ #0;<ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
=>??@>AAÿ>@CD@E>AÿDÿF>GAH@IAÿ?>J>?ÿHKÿC>D?LCÿLCGHMNCÿO>J>?HFP>@LÿHKÿ>DECÿHKÿLC>ÿAQRÿ
49-6456ÿ56ÿ*-782*<ÿ$*S4!78ÿ*-782*Tÿ462-88-!2178ÿ*-782*Tÿ-95245678ÿ*-782*Tÿ5!478ÿ*-782*Tÿ
$4342178ÿ*-782*Tÿ76ÿ-6743569-6278ÿ*-782*3ÿ+U-3!4-ÿ76ÿ-72465ÿ7ÿ*-782*Sÿ7734-2Sÿ56ÿ655ÿ*-8$ÿ
-7-85$ÿ$*S4!78ÿ*-782*Vÿ270465ÿ7ÿ!513-ÿ46ÿ5-6-378ÿ612342456ÿ*-8$ÿ-7-85$ÿ462-88-!2178ÿ*-782*Vÿ
21S465ÿ85!788Sÿ$351!-ÿ655ÿ*-8$ÿ-7-85$ÿ-6743569-6278ÿ*-782*Vÿ2-465ÿ$732ÿ56ÿ7ÿ6742*W27-ÿ
535764X72456ÿ*-8$ÿ-7-85$ÿ$4342178ÿ*-782*Vÿ76ÿ0--$465ÿ7ÿY513678ÿ*-8$ÿ-7-85$ÿ-95245678ÿ
*-782*3ÿ.*-ÿ94465ÿ49-6456ÿ46ÿ2*4ÿ-U79$8-ÿ4ÿ-7-85$9-62ÿ56ÿ5!478ÿ*-782*Vÿ-72465ÿ9-78ÿ
842*ÿ634-6ÿ2*3515*512ÿ2*-ÿ8--0ÿ8518ÿ7ÿ2*4ÿ49-64563ÿ,358465ÿ*-3ÿ586ÿ655ÿ8518ÿ2-ÿ
7652*-3ÿ-U79$8-ÿ56ÿ-6743569-6278ÿ*-782*Vÿ0--$465ÿ7ÿ655ÿ3-!53ÿ8518ÿ2-ÿ7652*-3ÿ!5623421253ÿ
25ÿ$*S4!78ÿ*-782*Vÿ76ÿ9--2465ÿ842*ÿ7ÿ3-542-3-ÿ4-242476ÿ97Sÿ!56234212-ÿ25ÿ$*S4!78Tÿ
462-88-!2178Tÿ76ÿ-95245678ÿ*-782*3ÿ
ÿ
Z[<ÿ
5564247-ÿ\-7-8<ÿ#678SX465ÿ ]+ <ÿ^75-ÿ)ÿ_ÿ^75-ÿ̀ÿ
ÿ
.a^<ÿ013465ÿ^35!-<ÿ#-9-62ÿ :;
<ÿ
84-62ÿ0--<ÿb-782*ÿ^35952456ÿ76ÿ:7462-676!-ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
c3ÿ 53ÿ7ÿ!84-62ÿ8*5ÿ4ÿ94465ÿ9-78ÿ2-!71-ÿ56ÿ$553ÿ$8766465ÿ53ÿ4ÿ255ÿ21Sÿ25ÿ-72Tÿ-95245678ÿ
*-782*ÿ!76ÿ2-ÿ766-!2-ÿ2Sÿ Tÿ8*4!*ÿ!76ÿ!71-ÿ!5661456ÿ53ÿ76U4-2S3ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
defghdijklmnoÿ
