NSG 3480 Study Outline – Exam #1
1. Define health? What does the World Health Organization state?
“A state of complete well-being, physical, social, and mental, and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity.” “The extent to which an individual or group is able, on the one hand, to realize
aspirations and satisfy needs; and, on the other hand, to change or cope with the environment.
Health is, therefore, seen as a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living; it is a positive
concept emphasizing social and personal resources, and physical capacities”.
2. Define/understand the following terms: Health Maintenance, Health Prevention, and Health
Protection. What do these concepts entail? In your review, look at examples of each.
Health protection: behaviors in which one engages with specific intent to prevent
disease… ex.) screening for the 1st time
Health maintenance: activities that preserve an individuals present state of health… ex.)
eating healthy, exercise
Health prevention: Activities that protect people from disease and the effects of it… ex.)
primary, secondary, tertiary prevention
3. What are the determinates of disease?
Designed to identify ways to create social and physical environments that promote good health. By
thinking about the root causes of health problems, we begin to understand the importance of
directing nursing effects toward the antecedents of poor health and lost opportunities… ex.) biology,
behaviors, social environment, physical environment, policies and interventions, access to high
quality health care
4. Understand the components of health education. What are some nursing considerations when
planning/implementing educational items for patients? How do nurses know if educational items
are effective?
Any combination of learning experiences designed to predispose, enable, and reinforce voluntary
behavior conductive to health in individuals, groups, or communities. Aims to enhance wellness,
decrease disability, and actualize the health potential of individuals, families, communities, and
society.
** assessing effectiveness engagement and participation; the more engagement & participation
= education most likely effective**
5. Consider Community Health Education: understand and define the HBM and HPM models. How
does Freire differ. Pg. 130-131
Both based in value expectancy and address individual perceptions, modifying factors, and
likelihood of action
, HBM: 7 variables Behavior based on current dynamics; Identify the pt’s needs (ask
about perception) … can lead to “acts” or fails to act”
o Perceived susceptibility
o Perceived severity
o Perceived benefits
o Perceived barriers
o Self-efficacy
o Demographics
o Cues to action
HPM: explores biopsychosocial factors that influence individuals to pursue health
promotion activities
Freire: focus on problem-solving education; empowerment among poor and oppressed;
promotes literacy… embraces use of community based participatory methods
6. Consider Health Planning Legislation: review pages 118-119. What are the implications for nurses?
What is the Hill-Burton Act?
Hill-Burton Act: address the need for better hospital access; provided federal aid to
states for hospital facilities (more beds, more facilities).
7. What is nursing theory? What is the purpose of nursing theory? How does it apply to community
health? Refer to pg. 38
Nursing theory is the organized, knowledge-based concepts that essentially define the scope of
nursing practice. These theories are used to improve the quality of nursing practice. Early theories
were too narrow, depicted health situations only for the nurses/patients... ignored care in context
(microscopic spectrum)
8. Understand the difference between (and interventions/activities for each such as immunizations,
etc.): Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Prevention… Page 7 and Fig. 1.2, page 8 table 1.1
Primary prevention: prevention of problems before they occur… health promotion and
health protection… ex.) immunizations, health education
Secondary Prevention: early detection and intervention; early diagnosis and treatment…
ex.) screenings
Tertiary prevention: correction and prevention of deterioration of a disease state… ex.)
rehab/therapy
9. Review and understand Healthy People 2020: what are the leading health indicators? What are
the primary goals of this initiative? Page 2, 9-10, page 4-5, Fig. 1.1
1. Define health? What does the World Health Organization state?
“A state of complete well-being, physical, social, and mental, and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity.” “The extent to which an individual or group is able, on the one hand, to realize
aspirations and satisfy needs; and, on the other hand, to change or cope with the environment.
Health is, therefore, seen as a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living; it is a positive
concept emphasizing social and personal resources, and physical capacities”.
2. Define/understand the following terms: Health Maintenance, Health Prevention, and Health
Protection. What do these concepts entail? In your review, look at examples of each.
Health protection: behaviors in which one engages with specific intent to prevent
disease… ex.) screening for the 1st time
Health maintenance: activities that preserve an individuals present state of health… ex.)
eating healthy, exercise
Health prevention: Activities that protect people from disease and the effects of it… ex.)
primary, secondary, tertiary prevention
3. What are the determinates of disease?
Designed to identify ways to create social and physical environments that promote good health. By
thinking about the root causes of health problems, we begin to understand the importance of
directing nursing effects toward the antecedents of poor health and lost opportunities… ex.) biology,
behaviors, social environment, physical environment, policies and interventions, access to high
quality health care
4. Understand the components of health education. What are some nursing considerations when
planning/implementing educational items for patients? How do nurses know if educational items
are effective?
Any combination of learning experiences designed to predispose, enable, and reinforce voluntary
behavior conductive to health in individuals, groups, or communities. Aims to enhance wellness,
decrease disability, and actualize the health potential of individuals, families, communities, and
society.
** assessing effectiveness engagement and participation; the more engagement & participation
= education most likely effective**
5. Consider Community Health Education: understand and define the HBM and HPM models. How
does Freire differ. Pg. 130-131
Both based in value expectancy and address individual perceptions, modifying factors, and
likelihood of action
, HBM: 7 variables Behavior based on current dynamics; Identify the pt’s needs (ask
about perception) … can lead to “acts” or fails to act”
o Perceived susceptibility
o Perceived severity
o Perceived benefits
o Perceived barriers
o Self-efficacy
o Demographics
o Cues to action
HPM: explores biopsychosocial factors that influence individuals to pursue health
promotion activities
Freire: focus on problem-solving education; empowerment among poor and oppressed;
promotes literacy… embraces use of community based participatory methods
6. Consider Health Planning Legislation: review pages 118-119. What are the implications for nurses?
What is the Hill-Burton Act?
Hill-Burton Act: address the need for better hospital access; provided federal aid to
states for hospital facilities (more beds, more facilities).
7. What is nursing theory? What is the purpose of nursing theory? How does it apply to community
health? Refer to pg. 38
Nursing theory is the organized, knowledge-based concepts that essentially define the scope of
nursing practice. These theories are used to improve the quality of nursing practice. Early theories
were too narrow, depicted health situations only for the nurses/patients... ignored care in context
(microscopic spectrum)
8. Understand the difference between (and interventions/activities for each such as immunizations,
etc.): Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Prevention… Page 7 and Fig. 1.2, page 8 table 1.1
Primary prevention: prevention of problems before they occur… health promotion and
health protection… ex.) immunizations, health education
Secondary Prevention: early detection and intervention; early diagnosis and treatment…
ex.) screenings
Tertiary prevention: correction and prevention of deterioration of a disease state… ex.)
rehab/therapy
9. Review and understand Healthy People 2020: what are the leading health indicators? What are
the primary goals of this initiative? Page 2, 9-10, page 4-5, Fig. 1.1
