NUR 3270 EXAM 2: NURSING RESEARCH
AND EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
AND DETAILED EXPLANATIONS
1. Which characteristic is the defining feature of a quasi-experimental design compared to a
true experimental design?
A. The use of a control group
B. The manipulation of an independent variable
C. The use of pre-testing and post-testing
D. The lack of random assignment to groups
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Quasi-experimental designs lack the random assignment that
characterizes true experiments, although they still involve manipulation of an independent
variable.
2. A researcher is testing the effect of a new position protocol on the incidence of pressure
ulcers. In this study, the ‘incidence of pressure ulcers’ is the:
A. Independent variable
B. Extraneous variable
,C. Confounding variable
D. Dependent variable
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: The dependent variable is the outcome or response that the
researcher wants to explain or predict; here, it is the pressure ulcer incidence.
3. Which type of reliability is being assessed when two different observers record the same
behavior using the same instrument and their results are compared?
A. Inter-rater reliability
B. Internal consistency
C. Test-retest reliability
D. Parallel-form reliability
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Inter-rater reliability measures the degree of agreement
between different observers or raters.
4. In a normal distribution, approximately what percentage of scores fall within one standard
deviation above and below the mean?
A. 95%
B. 50%
C. 68%
, D. 99%
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: In a bell-shaped normal curve, about 68% of the data falls within
+/- 1 standard deviation of the mean.
5. A researcher uses a p-value of 0.05. If the calculated p-value is 0.03, what should the
researcher conclude?
A. The null hypothesis is rejected.
B. The results are not statistically significant.
C. The null hypothesis is accepted.
D. A Type II error has occurred.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: A p-value less than the alpha level (0.05) indicates statistical
significance, leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis.
6. Which sampling method provides the greatest opportunity for a representative sample by
ensuring every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected?
A. Convenience sampling
B. Simple random sampling
C. Purposive sampling
D. Snowball sampling
AND EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
AND DETAILED EXPLANATIONS
1. Which characteristic is the defining feature of a quasi-experimental design compared to a
true experimental design?
A. The use of a control group
B. The manipulation of an independent variable
C. The use of pre-testing and post-testing
D. The lack of random assignment to groups
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Quasi-experimental designs lack the random assignment that
characterizes true experiments, although they still involve manipulation of an independent
variable.
2. A researcher is testing the effect of a new position protocol on the incidence of pressure
ulcers. In this study, the ‘incidence of pressure ulcers’ is the:
A. Independent variable
B. Extraneous variable
,C. Confounding variable
D. Dependent variable
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: The dependent variable is the outcome or response that the
researcher wants to explain or predict; here, it is the pressure ulcer incidence.
3. Which type of reliability is being assessed when two different observers record the same
behavior using the same instrument and their results are compared?
A. Inter-rater reliability
B. Internal consistency
C. Test-retest reliability
D. Parallel-form reliability
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Inter-rater reliability measures the degree of agreement
between different observers or raters.
4. In a normal distribution, approximately what percentage of scores fall within one standard
deviation above and below the mean?
A. 95%
B. 50%
C. 68%
, D. 99%
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: In a bell-shaped normal curve, about 68% of the data falls within
+/- 1 standard deviation of the mean.
5. A researcher uses a p-value of 0.05. If the calculated p-value is 0.03, what should the
researcher conclude?
A. The null hypothesis is rejected.
B. The results are not statistically significant.
C. The null hypothesis is accepted.
D. A Type II error has occurred.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: A p-value less than the alpha level (0.05) indicates statistical
significance, leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis.
6. Which sampling method provides the greatest opportunity for a representative sample by
ensuring every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected?
A. Convenience sampling
B. Simple random sampling
C. Purposive sampling
D. Snowball sampling
