,NSG 3800 Exam 1 | Adult Health II (2026/2027)
PDF | Nursing | Galen College
1. Which of the following best describes the primary function of antidiuretic
hormone (ADH) in fluid regulation?
A) To increase urine output by promoting water excretion
B) To promote water reabsorption in the renal collecting ducts
C) To stimulate sodium excretion in the distal tubules
D) To dilate the afferent arterioles of the glomerulus
Correct Answer: To promote water reabsorption in the renal collecting ducts
Rationale: ADH, also called vasopressin, is released by the posterior pituitary in
response to increased serum osmolality or decreased blood volume. It acts on
the collecting ducts of the kidneys to promote water reabsorption,
concentrating urine and restoring fluid balance. It does not increase urine
output, stimulate sodium excretion, or dilate renal arterioles.
2. What is the primary role of aldosterone in maintaining fluid and electrolyte
balance?
A) To promote potassium retention and sodium excretion
B) To increase sodium and water reabsorption in the distal tubules
C) To decrease blood pressure through vasodilation
D) To stimulate red blood cell production in the bone marrow
,Correct Answer: To increase sodium and water reabsorption in the distal
tubules
Rationale: Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid released by the adrenal cortex in
response to low blood volume or high potassium levels. It acts on the distal
tubules of the kidneys to increase sodium and water reabsorption and promote
potassium excretion. This increases blood volume and blood pressure. It does
not promote potassium retention, decrease blood pressure, or stimulate red
blood cell production.
3. Which serum laboratory value best reflects renal filtration and is used to
monitor kidney function?
A) Serum sodium
B) Serum creatinine
C) Hemoglobin
D) Serum calcium
Correct Answer: Serum creatinine
Rationale: Creatinine is produced from muscle metabolism and is primarily
eliminated by the kidneys. Rising serum creatinine commonly indicates
declining renal function. Serum sodium, hemoglobin, and serum calcium are not
direct indicators of renal filtration and are influenced by multiple other factors.
4. A client with acute kidney injury has oliguria. Which finding should the nurse
anticipate?
, A) Fluid retention
B) Severe polyuria
C) Low serum potassium
D) Decreased BUN
Correct Answer: Fluid retention
Rationale: Reduced urine output can lead to sodium and water retention,
resulting in edema, hypertension, and pulmonary congestion. Polyuria would
indicate excessive urine output, not oliguria. Hyperkalemia, not hypokalemia, is
common in acute kidney injury. BUN typically rises with renal impairment.
5. Which dietary instruction is appropriate for many clients with advanced
chronic kidney disease?
A) Increase sodium intake to maintain blood pressure
B) Follow prescribed restrictions on sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and fluids
C) Eat unlimited high-protein foods to prevent malnutrition
D) Drink unlimited fluids to flush the kidneys
Correct Answer: Follow prescribed restrictions on sodium, potassium,
phosphorus, and fluids
Rationale: Dietary restrictions are individualized according to renal function and
laboratory results. Excess sodium, potassium, phosphorus, or fluid may worsen
complications. Increasing sodium, eating unlimited protein, or drinking
PDF | Nursing | Galen College
1. Which of the following best describes the primary function of antidiuretic
hormone (ADH) in fluid regulation?
A) To increase urine output by promoting water excretion
B) To promote water reabsorption in the renal collecting ducts
C) To stimulate sodium excretion in the distal tubules
D) To dilate the afferent arterioles of the glomerulus
Correct Answer: To promote water reabsorption in the renal collecting ducts
Rationale: ADH, also called vasopressin, is released by the posterior pituitary in
response to increased serum osmolality or decreased blood volume. It acts on
the collecting ducts of the kidneys to promote water reabsorption,
concentrating urine and restoring fluid balance. It does not increase urine
output, stimulate sodium excretion, or dilate renal arterioles.
2. What is the primary role of aldosterone in maintaining fluid and electrolyte
balance?
A) To promote potassium retention and sodium excretion
B) To increase sodium and water reabsorption in the distal tubules
C) To decrease blood pressure through vasodilation
D) To stimulate red blood cell production in the bone marrow
,Correct Answer: To increase sodium and water reabsorption in the distal
tubules
Rationale: Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid released by the adrenal cortex in
response to low blood volume or high potassium levels. It acts on the distal
tubules of the kidneys to increase sodium and water reabsorption and promote
potassium excretion. This increases blood volume and blood pressure. It does
not promote potassium retention, decrease blood pressure, or stimulate red
blood cell production.
3. Which serum laboratory value best reflects renal filtration and is used to
monitor kidney function?
A) Serum sodium
B) Serum creatinine
C) Hemoglobin
D) Serum calcium
Correct Answer: Serum creatinine
Rationale: Creatinine is produced from muscle metabolism and is primarily
eliminated by the kidneys. Rising serum creatinine commonly indicates
declining renal function. Serum sodium, hemoglobin, and serum calcium are not
direct indicators of renal filtration and are influenced by multiple other factors.
4. A client with acute kidney injury has oliguria. Which finding should the nurse
anticipate?
, A) Fluid retention
B) Severe polyuria
C) Low serum potassium
D) Decreased BUN
Correct Answer: Fluid retention
Rationale: Reduced urine output can lead to sodium and water retention,
resulting in edema, hypertension, and pulmonary congestion. Polyuria would
indicate excessive urine output, not oliguria. Hyperkalemia, not hypokalemia, is
common in acute kidney injury. BUN typically rises with renal impairment.
5. Which dietary instruction is appropriate for many clients with advanced
chronic kidney disease?
A) Increase sodium intake to maintain blood pressure
B) Follow prescribed restrictions on sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and fluids
C) Eat unlimited high-protein foods to prevent malnutrition
D) Drink unlimited fluids to flush the kidneys
Correct Answer: Follow prescribed restrictions on sodium, potassium,
phosphorus, and fluids
Rationale: Dietary restrictions are individualized according to renal function and
laboratory results. Excess sodium, potassium, phosphorus, or fluid may worsen
complications. Increasing sodium, eating unlimited protein, or drinking
