,NSG 4100 Exam 1 | Nursing Practice – Adult Health
III (2026/2027) PDF | Galen
1. Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of the nursing
process in adult health?
A) To diagnose and treat medical diseases
B) To provide a systematic framework for delivering individualized patient care
C) To prescribe medications and treatments independently
D) To replace the need for clinical judgment in nursing practice
Correct Answer: To provide a systematic framework for delivering individualized
patient care
Rationale: The nursing process is a systematic, five-step framework
(assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation) that guides
nurses in delivering holistic, patient-centered care. It promotes clinical
reasoning and individualized interventions rather than rigid standardization. It
does not diagnose medical diseases, prescribe treatments independently, or
replace clinical judgment.
2. What is the primary function of the assessment phase in the nursing process?
A) To establish patient goals and expected outcomes
B) To systematically collect and analyze patient data
C) To implement nursing interventions based on evidence
D) To evaluate the effectiveness of nursing care
,Correct Answer: To systematically collect and analyze patient data
Rationale: The assessment phase is the first step of the nursing process,
involving the systematic collection of subjective and objective data through
history taking, physical examination, and diagnostic testing. This data forms the
foundation for identifying patient problems and planning care.
3. According to the NCSBN Clinical Judgment Measurement Model, which layer
immediately follows "Analyze Cues"?
A) Take Actions
B) Recognize Cues
C) Prioritize Hypotheses
D) Evaluate Outcomes
Correct Answer: Prioritize Hypotheses
Rationale: The NCSBN CJMM consists of six layers: Recognize Cues, Analyze
Cues, Prioritize Hypotheses, Generate Solutions, Take Actions, and Evaluate
Outcomes. After analyzing cues, the nurse prioritizes hypotheses to determine
which patient problems are most urgent.
4. A nurse is caring for a client with acute glomerulonephritis. Which clinical
manifestation should the nurse expect to address?
A) Hematuria
, B) Precipitous decrease in serum creatinine levels
C) Hypotension unresolved by fluid administration
D) Glucosuria
Correct Answer: Hematuria
Rationale: Acute glomerulonephritis is an inflammatory process affecting the
glomeruli. The classic manifestation is hematuria, which may be microscopic or
gross. The urine often appears smoky or cola-colored. Hypotension, glucosuria,
and a decrease in serum creatinine are not characteristic.
5. A nurse is caring for a client who is 24 hours postoperative from abdominal
surgery. Which finding requires immediate intervention?
A) A temperature of 37.8 degrees Celsius
B) A heart rate of 96 beats per minute
C) A urinary output of 20 mL per hour
D) A blood pressure of 118/76 mmHg
Correct Answer: A urinary output of 20 mL per hour
Rationale: Urinary output below 30 mL per hour indicates inadequate renal
perfusion and may signal hypovolemia, shock, or urinary tract obstruction.
Immediate intervention is required to prevent acute kidney injury.
III (2026/2027) PDF | Galen
1. Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of the nursing
process in adult health?
A) To diagnose and treat medical diseases
B) To provide a systematic framework for delivering individualized patient care
C) To prescribe medications and treatments independently
D) To replace the need for clinical judgment in nursing practice
Correct Answer: To provide a systematic framework for delivering individualized
patient care
Rationale: The nursing process is a systematic, five-step framework
(assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation) that guides
nurses in delivering holistic, patient-centered care. It promotes clinical
reasoning and individualized interventions rather than rigid standardization. It
does not diagnose medical diseases, prescribe treatments independently, or
replace clinical judgment.
2. What is the primary function of the assessment phase in the nursing process?
A) To establish patient goals and expected outcomes
B) To systematically collect and analyze patient data
C) To implement nursing interventions based on evidence
D) To evaluate the effectiveness of nursing care
,Correct Answer: To systematically collect and analyze patient data
Rationale: The assessment phase is the first step of the nursing process,
involving the systematic collection of subjective and objective data through
history taking, physical examination, and diagnostic testing. This data forms the
foundation for identifying patient problems and planning care.
3. According to the NCSBN Clinical Judgment Measurement Model, which layer
immediately follows "Analyze Cues"?
A) Take Actions
B) Recognize Cues
C) Prioritize Hypotheses
D) Evaluate Outcomes
Correct Answer: Prioritize Hypotheses
Rationale: The NCSBN CJMM consists of six layers: Recognize Cues, Analyze
Cues, Prioritize Hypotheses, Generate Solutions, Take Actions, and Evaluate
Outcomes. After analyzing cues, the nurse prioritizes hypotheses to determine
which patient problems are most urgent.
4. A nurse is caring for a client with acute glomerulonephritis. Which clinical
manifestation should the nurse expect to address?
A) Hematuria
, B) Precipitous decrease in serum creatinine levels
C) Hypotension unresolved by fluid administration
D) Glucosuria
Correct Answer: Hematuria
Rationale: Acute glomerulonephritis is an inflammatory process affecting the
glomeruli. The classic manifestation is hematuria, which may be microscopic or
gross. The urine often appears smoky or cola-colored. Hypotension, glucosuria,
and a decrease in serum creatinine are not characteristic.
5. A nurse is caring for a client who is 24 hours postoperative from abdominal
surgery. Which finding requires immediate intervention?
A) A temperature of 37.8 degrees Celsius
B) A heart rate of 96 beats per minute
C) A urinary output of 20 mL per hour
D) A blood pressure of 118/76 mmHg
Correct Answer: A urinary output of 20 mL per hour
Rationale: Urinary output below 30 mL per hour indicates inadequate renal
perfusion and may signal hypovolemia, shock, or urinary tract obstruction.
Immediate intervention is required to prevent acute kidney injury.
