BIO 290 Exam 3 Actual Exam V1 | BIO 290 Pharmacology
(BIO290 Exam 3) | Joyce University
Section 1: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology
Question 1
A patient is prescribed Omeprazole for the treatment of GERD. Which
statement best describes the mechanism of action of this medication?
A. It irreversibly inhibits the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme system.
B. It blocks H2 receptors on parietal cells to reduce acid production.
C. It neutralizes gastric acid already present in the stomach.
D. It forms a protective barrier over the gastric mucosa.
Correct Answer: A. It irreversibly inhibits the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme
system.
Rationale: Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that works by
irreversibly inhibiting the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme system in the
gastric parietal cells. This action blocks the final common pathway
of acid secretion, providing more potent acid suppression than H2
blockers. Patients should be educated to take this medication 30 to
60 minutes before their first meal of the day.
Question 2
A nurse is preparing to administer Lispro insulin to a patient with Type 1
Diabetes. When should the nurse instruct the patient to eat?
A. Immediately before going to sleep.
,B. Exactly 30 to 60 minutes after the injection.
C. Within 15 minutes of the injection.
D. Two hours after the injection has been given.
Correct Answer: C. Within 15 minutes of the injection.
Rationale: Lispro is a rapid-acting insulin with an onset of action
between 15 to 30 minutes. Because of this rapid onset, the patient
must have food available and consume it within 15 minutes to
prevent hypoglycemia. Administering it too early without food intake
poses a significant safety risk for the patient.
Question 3
A patient with hypothyroidism is prescribed Levothyroxine. Which
instruction is essential for the nurse to include in the teaching plan?
A. Take the medication at the same time every morning on an empty
stomach.
B. Take the medication with a full meal to increase absorption.
C. Discontinue the medication once symptoms of fatigue improve.
D. Increase intake of calcium-rich foods at the time of dosing.
Correct Answer: A. Take the medication at the same time every morning
on an empty stomach.
Rationale: Levothyroxine absorption is highly affected by food and
other medications, particularly those containing minerals like
calcium or iron. Taking it on an empty stomach, usually 30-60
minutes before breakfast, ensures consistent therapeutic levels.
,The patient must understand that this is typically a lifelong therapy
and should not be stopped abruptly.
Question 4
Which laboratory value is most important for the nurse to monitor in a
patient receiving Metformin for Type 2 Diabetes?
A. Serum Potassium
B. Prothrombin Time (PT)
C. Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
D. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Correct Answer: C. Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
Rationale: Metformin is primarily excreted by the kidneys and can
accumulate in patients with renal impairment, increasing the risk of
lactic acidosis. Monitoring the GFR or serum creatinine is essential
to ensure the patient can safely clear the drug. The medication is
typically contraindicated if the GFR falls below 30 mL/min.
Question 5
A patient is taking Phenytoin for seizure control. Which adverse effect
should the nurse instruct the patient to monitor for and report?
A. Excessive weight gain
B. Gingival hyperplasia
C. Increased urinary frequency
D. Hypertension
Correct Answer: B. Gingival hyperplasia
Rationale: Gingival hyperplasia, or overgrowth of gum tissue, is a
, common side effect of long-term Phenytoin use. Patients should be
taught the importance of meticulous oral hygiene and regular dental
checkups to manage this condition. Other serious side effects
include skin rashes and neurological symptoms like ataxia if levels
become toxic.
Question 6
A nurse is teaching a patient about Alendronate for osteoporosis. What
instruction should be emphasized to prevent esophageal ulceration?
A. Sit or stand upright for at least 30 minutes after administration.
B. Lie down for 30 minutes after taking the dose.
C. Take the medication with a glass of milk.
D. Take the medication right before bedtime.
Correct Answer: A. Sit or stand upright for at least 30 minutes after
administration.
Rationale: Alendronate is a bisphosphonate that can cause severe
esophagitis and esophageal erosions if it remains in contact with the
esophageal mucosa. Patients must remain upright (sitting or
standing) for at least 30 minutes and take the pill with a full glass of
plain water. This ensures the medication passes quickly into the
stomach to minimize irritation.
Question 7
A patient with Parkinson's disease is prescribed Levodopa-Carbidopa.
What is the primary purpose of combining these two drugs?
A. Carbidopa increases the transport of Levodopa across the blood-brain
(BIO290 Exam 3) | Joyce University
Section 1: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology
Question 1
A patient is prescribed Omeprazole for the treatment of GERD. Which
statement best describes the mechanism of action of this medication?
A. It irreversibly inhibits the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme system.
B. It blocks H2 receptors on parietal cells to reduce acid production.
C. It neutralizes gastric acid already present in the stomach.
D. It forms a protective barrier over the gastric mucosa.
Correct Answer: A. It irreversibly inhibits the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme
system.
Rationale: Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that works by
irreversibly inhibiting the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme system in the
gastric parietal cells. This action blocks the final common pathway
of acid secretion, providing more potent acid suppression than H2
blockers. Patients should be educated to take this medication 30 to
60 minutes before their first meal of the day.
Question 2
A nurse is preparing to administer Lispro insulin to a patient with Type 1
Diabetes. When should the nurse instruct the patient to eat?
A. Immediately before going to sleep.
,B. Exactly 30 to 60 minutes after the injection.
C. Within 15 minutes of the injection.
D. Two hours after the injection has been given.
Correct Answer: C. Within 15 minutes of the injection.
Rationale: Lispro is a rapid-acting insulin with an onset of action
between 15 to 30 minutes. Because of this rapid onset, the patient
must have food available and consume it within 15 minutes to
prevent hypoglycemia. Administering it too early without food intake
poses a significant safety risk for the patient.
Question 3
A patient with hypothyroidism is prescribed Levothyroxine. Which
instruction is essential for the nurse to include in the teaching plan?
A. Take the medication at the same time every morning on an empty
stomach.
B. Take the medication with a full meal to increase absorption.
C. Discontinue the medication once symptoms of fatigue improve.
D. Increase intake of calcium-rich foods at the time of dosing.
Correct Answer: A. Take the medication at the same time every morning
on an empty stomach.
Rationale: Levothyroxine absorption is highly affected by food and
other medications, particularly those containing minerals like
calcium or iron. Taking it on an empty stomach, usually 30-60
minutes before breakfast, ensures consistent therapeutic levels.
,The patient must understand that this is typically a lifelong therapy
and should not be stopped abruptly.
Question 4
Which laboratory value is most important for the nurse to monitor in a
patient receiving Metformin for Type 2 Diabetes?
A. Serum Potassium
B. Prothrombin Time (PT)
C. Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
D. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Correct Answer: C. Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
Rationale: Metformin is primarily excreted by the kidneys and can
accumulate in patients with renal impairment, increasing the risk of
lactic acidosis. Monitoring the GFR or serum creatinine is essential
to ensure the patient can safely clear the drug. The medication is
typically contraindicated if the GFR falls below 30 mL/min.
Question 5
A patient is taking Phenytoin for seizure control. Which adverse effect
should the nurse instruct the patient to monitor for and report?
A. Excessive weight gain
B. Gingival hyperplasia
C. Increased urinary frequency
D. Hypertension
Correct Answer: B. Gingival hyperplasia
Rationale: Gingival hyperplasia, or overgrowth of gum tissue, is a
, common side effect of long-term Phenytoin use. Patients should be
taught the importance of meticulous oral hygiene and regular dental
checkups to manage this condition. Other serious side effects
include skin rashes and neurological symptoms like ataxia if levels
become toxic.
Question 6
A nurse is teaching a patient about Alendronate for osteoporosis. What
instruction should be emphasized to prevent esophageal ulceration?
A. Sit or stand upright for at least 30 minutes after administration.
B. Lie down for 30 minutes after taking the dose.
C. Take the medication with a glass of milk.
D. Take the medication right before bedtime.
Correct Answer: A. Sit or stand upright for at least 30 minutes after
administration.
Rationale: Alendronate is a bisphosphonate that can cause severe
esophagitis and esophageal erosions if it remains in contact with the
esophageal mucosa. Patients must remain upright (sitting or
standing) for at least 30 minutes and take the pill with a full glass of
plain water. This ensures the medication passes quickly into the
stomach to minimize irritation.
Question 7
A patient with Parkinson's disease is prescribed Levodopa-Carbidopa.
What is the primary purpose of combining these two drugs?
A. Carbidopa increases the transport of Levodopa across the blood-brain
