,NU 176 Exam 1 | Geriatric Nursing (2026/2027)
PDF | Nursing | Galen College
1. Which of the following best describes the genetic theory of aging?
A) Aging is caused by the accumulation of random cellular damage over time
B) Aging is predetermined by an individual's genetic code and cells have a
limited number of divisions
C) Aging results from the body's inability to adapt to environmental stressors
D) Aging is a consequence of disengagement from social roles and
responsibilities
Correct Answer: Aging is predetermined by an individual's genetic code and cells
have a limited number of divisions
Rationale: The genetic theory of aging proposes that aging is programmed into
our DNA, with cells having a predetermined limit on the number of times they
can divide (the Hayflick limit). This differs from stochastic theories, which
attribute aging to random damage accumulation. Disengagement theory is a
psychosocial theory, not a biological one.
2. According to Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, what is the
primary task of an 80-year-old client?
A) Establishing intimate relationships
B) Contributing to society through work and family
C) Reflecting on life with acceptance and fulfillment
,D) Developing a sense of personal identity
Correct Answer: Reflecting on life with acceptance and fulfillment
Rationale: The final stage of Erikson's theory is Integrity vs. Despair, typically
occurring in late adulthood (65+). The primary task involves life review—
reflecting on one's life to develop a sense of integrity (acceptance and
fulfillment) or despair (regret and dissatisfaction). The other options correspond
to earlier developmental stages.
3. What is the primary focus of the SPICES framework in geriatric nursing
assessment?
A) Evaluating cognitive function and memory loss
B) Identifying common geriatric syndromes that can lead to poor outcomes
C) Assessing nutritional status and dietary habits
D) Monitoring cardiovascular health and blood pressure
Correct Answer: Identifying common geriatric syndromes that can lead to poor
outcomes
Rationale: The SPICES framework is a geriatric assessment tool that stands for
Sleep disorders, Problems with eating or feeding, Incontinence, Confusion,
Evidence of falls, and Skin breakdown. It is designed to flag common geriatric
syndromes that require nursing intervention to prevent adverse outcomes.
, 4. A nurse is teaching an older adult client about interventions to improve
sexual function. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further
teaching?
A) "I should apply an ice pack on my affected joint before sexual activity."
B) "I will discuss my concerns with my healthcare provider."
C) "I will plan for rest periods before and after activity."
D) "I should use water-soluble lubricants if I experience dryness."
Correct Answer: "I should apply an ice pack on my affected joint before sexual
activity."
Rationale: Applying ice to a joint before sexual activity is not a standard
recommendation and could be uncomfortable or counterproductive.
Application of heat is often recommended for joint stiffness. The other
statements are appropriate—discussing concerns with a provider, planning rest
periods, and using lubricants are all valid interventions.
5. An older adult client reports dizziness upon standing. The nurse attributes
this to which age-related change?
A) Decreased baroreceptor sensitivity
B) Increased cardiac output
C) Decreased peripheral resistance
D) Increased blood volume
Correct Answer: Decreased baroreceptor sensitivity
PDF | Nursing | Galen College
1. Which of the following best describes the genetic theory of aging?
A) Aging is caused by the accumulation of random cellular damage over time
B) Aging is predetermined by an individual's genetic code and cells have a
limited number of divisions
C) Aging results from the body's inability to adapt to environmental stressors
D) Aging is a consequence of disengagement from social roles and
responsibilities
Correct Answer: Aging is predetermined by an individual's genetic code and cells
have a limited number of divisions
Rationale: The genetic theory of aging proposes that aging is programmed into
our DNA, with cells having a predetermined limit on the number of times they
can divide (the Hayflick limit). This differs from stochastic theories, which
attribute aging to random damage accumulation. Disengagement theory is a
psychosocial theory, not a biological one.
2. According to Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, what is the
primary task of an 80-year-old client?
A) Establishing intimate relationships
B) Contributing to society through work and family
C) Reflecting on life with acceptance and fulfillment
,D) Developing a sense of personal identity
Correct Answer: Reflecting on life with acceptance and fulfillment
Rationale: The final stage of Erikson's theory is Integrity vs. Despair, typically
occurring in late adulthood (65+). The primary task involves life review—
reflecting on one's life to develop a sense of integrity (acceptance and
fulfillment) or despair (regret and dissatisfaction). The other options correspond
to earlier developmental stages.
3. What is the primary focus of the SPICES framework in geriatric nursing
assessment?
A) Evaluating cognitive function and memory loss
B) Identifying common geriatric syndromes that can lead to poor outcomes
C) Assessing nutritional status and dietary habits
D) Monitoring cardiovascular health and blood pressure
Correct Answer: Identifying common geriatric syndromes that can lead to poor
outcomes
Rationale: The SPICES framework is a geriatric assessment tool that stands for
Sleep disorders, Problems with eating or feeding, Incontinence, Confusion,
Evidence of falls, and Skin breakdown. It is designed to flag common geriatric
syndromes that require nursing intervention to prevent adverse outcomes.
, 4. A nurse is teaching an older adult client about interventions to improve
sexual function. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further
teaching?
A) "I should apply an ice pack on my affected joint before sexual activity."
B) "I will discuss my concerns with my healthcare provider."
C) "I will plan for rest periods before and after activity."
D) "I should use water-soluble lubricants if I experience dryness."
Correct Answer: "I should apply an ice pack on my affected joint before sexual
activity."
Rationale: Applying ice to a joint before sexual activity is not a standard
recommendation and could be uncomfortable or counterproductive.
Application of heat is often recommended for joint stiffness. The other
statements are appropriate—discussing concerns with a provider, planning rest
periods, and using lubricants are all valid interventions.
5. An older adult client reports dizziness upon standing. The nurse attributes
this to which age-related change?
A) Decreased baroreceptor sensitivity
B) Increased cardiac output
C) Decreased peripheral resistance
D) Increased blood volume
Correct Answer: Decreased baroreceptor sensitivity
