Portage A&P 2027 Exam 1 Prep Test Bank - Updated Questions
and Answers Review with A+ Solutions
Question 1.
Gross Anatomy .
Answer: Large, visible structures
Question 2.
Surface anatomy .
Answer: EXTERIOR features
Question 3.
Systemic anatomy .
Answer: organ systems
Question 4.
pathological physiology .
Answer: examines the impact of disease or injury to organs and organ systems
Question 5.
Dynamic State .
Answer: body is constantly monitoring internal or external environment
(stimulus) and sends info via Afferent pathway to the control center
Question 6.
Control center .
Answer: central part of the homeostatic mechanism (typically in nervous
system). Integrates and processes information then determines the
appropriate response
Question 7.
Effector .
Answer: Information comes in via Efferent pathway and enables a response or
change to occur within the body
• Negative feedback . Answer: increased production will result in the eventual
inhibition or decrease of the initial production (end product functions as STOP
signal to inhibit or decrease initial stimulus
,Question 8.
Positive Feedback .
Answer: enhances or increases the output of the initial stimulus (often called
a cascade)
Question 9.
Homeostatic regulation in the body is comprised of: .
Answer: Body tempoerature, body fluid composition, body fluid volume, waste
concentration, blood pressure
Question 10.
3 regions of nucleus .
Answer: nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin
Question 11.
microtubules .
Answer: hollow cylinders involved in the movement of chromosomes during
cell division
Flagellum: long, whip-like structure that propels or pulls a single celled
organism through a watery medium
Cilia: Shorter and found in greater numbers. Ciliated cells are found along the
respiratory pathways for trapping and moving debris
Question 12.
microfilaments .
Answer: flkexible, solid fibers. Two intertwined polymer chains of actin
molecules.
Question 13.
Ribosomes .
Answer: tiny manufacturing plants that assemble proteins. Contain rRNA +
enzymes necessary to form peptide bonds between amino acids
• Endoplasmic Reticulum . Answer: extension of the outer membrane of the
nucleus; maze of tightly packed and flattened sac-like structures that form
interconnected compartments
Question 14.
Rough ER .
, Answer: where ribosomes are on teh ER, appears bumpy; proteins assembled
in ribosomes, modified and transported by ER
Question 15.
Smooth ER .
Answer: Contains NO attached ribosomes; responsible for lipid synthesis
notew: human liver cells have extensive smooth ER (cholesterol formed here)
Question 16.
Path of DNA through the cell/organelles .
Answer: DNA -> mRNA -> ribosome -> protein -> transport vesicle -> golgi
apparatus
Question 17.
Golgi Complex/Apparatus .
Answer: stack of many flattened sacs (cisternae); packaging center for the
cells, receives lipids and proteins and modifies their structures
Question 18.
Hoe vesicles are formed .
Answer: portions of the membrane of the golgi apparatus pinch off and form
enclosed sacs
Question 19.
Lysosomes .
Answer: small sacs of digestive enzymes produced by Golgi; break down
biomacromolecules into smaller building blocks
• Tay-Sachs Disease . Answer: genetic disorder where one of the normally
present digestive enzymes in lysosomes is missing
Fusion of lysosomes is ineffective for breaking down a toxic lipid in neurons
Without digestive enzyme, the lipid accumulates inside lysosomes
Buildup of lipids inside the brain eventually causes iontellectual disability and
death
Question 20.
Proteasomes .
Answer: non-membrane bound organelle responsible for disassembly of
unwanted, misfolded, or worn out proteins Important function in regulation of
proteins involved in cell life cycle and apoptosis (programmed cell death)
and Answers Review with A+ Solutions
Question 1.
Gross Anatomy .
Answer: Large, visible structures
Question 2.
Surface anatomy .
Answer: EXTERIOR features
Question 3.
Systemic anatomy .
Answer: organ systems
Question 4.
pathological physiology .
Answer: examines the impact of disease or injury to organs and organ systems
Question 5.
Dynamic State .
Answer: body is constantly monitoring internal or external environment
(stimulus) and sends info via Afferent pathway to the control center
Question 6.
Control center .
Answer: central part of the homeostatic mechanism (typically in nervous
system). Integrates and processes information then determines the
appropriate response
Question 7.
Effector .
Answer: Information comes in via Efferent pathway and enables a response or
change to occur within the body
• Negative feedback . Answer: increased production will result in the eventual
inhibition or decrease of the initial production (end product functions as STOP
signal to inhibit or decrease initial stimulus
,Question 8.
Positive Feedback .
Answer: enhances or increases the output of the initial stimulus (often called
a cascade)
Question 9.
Homeostatic regulation in the body is comprised of: .
Answer: Body tempoerature, body fluid composition, body fluid volume, waste
concentration, blood pressure
Question 10.
3 regions of nucleus .
Answer: nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin
Question 11.
microtubules .
Answer: hollow cylinders involved in the movement of chromosomes during
cell division
Flagellum: long, whip-like structure that propels or pulls a single celled
organism through a watery medium
Cilia: Shorter and found in greater numbers. Ciliated cells are found along the
respiratory pathways for trapping and moving debris
Question 12.
microfilaments .
Answer: flkexible, solid fibers. Two intertwined polymer chains of actin
molecules.
Question 13.
Ribosomes .
Answer: tiny manufacturing plants that assemble proteins. Contain rRNA +
enzymes necessary to form peptide bonds between amino acids
• Endoplasmic Reticulum . Answer: extension of the outer membrane of the
nucleus; maze of tightly packed and flattened sac-like structures that form
interconnected compartments
Question 14.
Rough ER .
, Answer: where ribosomes are on teh ER, appears bumpy; proteins assembled
in ribosomes, modified and transported by ER
Question 15.
Smooth ER .
Answer: Contains NO attached ribosomes; responsible for lipid synthesis
notew: human liver cells have extensive smooth ER (cholesterol formed here)
Question 16.
Path of DNA through the cell/organelles .
Answer: DNA -> mRNA -> ribosome -> protein -> transport vesicle -> golgi
apparatus
Question 17.
Golgi Complex/Apparatus .
Answer: stack of many flattened sacs (cisternae); packaging center for the
cells, receives lipids and proteins and modifies their structures
Question 18.
Hoe vesicles are formed .
Answer: portions of the membrane of the golgi apparatus pinch off and form
enclosed sacs
Question 19.
Lysosomes .
Answer: small sacs of digestive enzymes produced by Golgi; break down
biomacromolecules into smaller building blocks
• Tay-Sachs Disease . Answer: genetic disorder where one of the normally
present digestive enzymes in lysosomes is missing
Fusion of lysosomes is ineffective for breaking down a toxic lipid in neurons
Without digestive enzyme, the lipid accumulates inside lysosomes
Buildup of lipids inside the brain eventually causes iontellectual disability and
death
Question 20.
Proteasomes .
Answer: non-membrane bound organelle responsible for disassembly of
unwanted, misfolded, or worn out proteins Important function in regulation of
proteins involved in cell life cycle and apoptosis (programmed cell death)
