Adult Medical-Surgical Nursing
Examination Comprehensive Assessment
of Fluid, Electrolyte, Respiratory,
Nutrition, and IV Therapy Competencies
LATEST ALL VERSIONS ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) | ALREADY GRADED A+
2026/2027 WITH FREE PRACTICE TEST
SETS.
SECTION 1: FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES
Question 1: Fluid Volume Excess
A patient with heart failure presents with edema, weight gain, and crackles in the lungs. Which
condition is the patient most likely experiencing?
A) Fluid Volume Deficit
B) Fluid Volume Excess
C) Pulmonary Embolism
D) Pneumothorax
✔✔✔ CORRECT 100% ANSWER 📌✔❤❤ B) Fluid Volume Excess
,Rationale:
• A) Fluid Volume Deficit: Incorrect. Fluid volume deficit presents with dehydration
symptoms such as dry mucous membranes, orthostatic hypotension, and decreased skin
turgor, not edema and crackles.
• B) Fluid Volume Excess: Correct. This condition is characterized by excess fluid in the
body, often caused by heart failure, leading to symptoms such as edema, weight gain,
and pulmonary congestion (crackles).
• C) Pulmonary Embolism: Incorrect. Pulmonary embolism presents with sudden
shortness of breath, chest pain, and tachycardia, not generalized edema.
• D) Pneumothorax: Incorrect. Pneumothorax presents with sudden chest pain, decreased
breath sounds on one side, and respiratory distress, not edema.
Question 2: Fluid Volume Deficit
A patient presents with orthostatic hypotension, dry mucous membranes, and decreased skin
turgor. Which condition should the nurse suspect?
A) Fluid Volume Excess
B) Pulmonary Edema
C) Fluid Volume Deficit
D) Hyperkalemia
✔✔✔ CORRECT 100% ANSWER 📌✔❤❤ C) Fluid Volume Deficit
Rationale:
• A) Fluid Volume Excess: Incorrect. This condition presents with edema, weight gain, and
pulmonary congestion, not dehydration signs.
• B) Pulmonary Edema: Incorrect. Pulmonary edema presents with shortness of breath
and pink frothy sputum, not orthostatic hypotension.
• C) Fluid Volume Deficit: Correct. This condition involves decreased body fluid volume,
potentially caused by dehydration or hemorrhage, resulting in orthostatic hypotension,
dry mucous membranes, and decreased skin turgor.
, • D) Hyperkalemia: Incorrect. Hyperkalemia presents with cardiac dysrhythmias and
muscle weakness, not the classic dehydration signs listed.
Question 3: Pulmonary Edema
A patient reports severe shortness of breath and is coughing up pink, frothy sputum. Which
condition is most consistent with these findings?
A) Pneumonia
B) Pulmonary Edema
C) Asthma
D) COPD
✔✔✔ CORRECT 100% ANSWER 📌✔❤❤ B) Pulmonary Edema
Rationale:
• A) Pneumonia: Incorrect. Pneumonia typically presents with productive cough of
purulent sputum, fever, and chills, not pink frothy sputum.
• B) Pulmonary Edema: Correct. This condition is characterized by excess fluid in the
lungs, often due to heart failure, leading to shortness of breath and coughing up pink,
frothy sputum.
• C) Asthma: Incorrect. Asthma presents with wheezing, chest tightness, and difficulty
breathing, but not typically pink frothy sputum.
• D) COPD: Incorrect. COPD presents with chronic cough, sputum production, and
dyspnea on exertion, not acute pink frothy sputum.
Question 4: Orthostatic Hypotension
A patient experiences dizziness and lightheadedness when standing up from a sitting position.
Which term best describes this condition?
A) Hypertension
B) Orthostatic Hypotension
, C) Pulmonary Edema
D) Fluid Volume Excess
✔✔✔ CORRECT 100% ANSWER 📌✔❤❤ B) Orthostatic Hypotension
Rationale:
• A) Hypertension: Incorrect. Hypertension refers to consistently elevated blood pressure,
not the drop in blood pressure upon standing.
• B) Orthostatic Hypotension: Correct. This is a form of low blood pressure that occurs
when standing up from sitting or lying down, leading to dizziness, lightheadedness, or
fainting.
• C) Pulmonary Edema: Incorrect. Pulmonary edema involves fluid accumulation in the
lungs, not blood pressure changes upon position change.
• D) Fluid Volume Excess: Incorrect. While fluid volume excess can cause various
symptoms, orthostatic hypotension is specifically related to position changes and is
more associated with fluid deficit.
Question 5: IV Fluid Classifications - Hypotonic
A patient requires IV fluids that have a lower solute concentration than blood plasma. Which
type of IV fluid should the nurse anticipate administering?
A) Isotonic
B) Hypertonic
C) Hypotonic
D) Colloid
✔✔✔ CORRECT 100% ANSWER 📌✔❤❤ C) Hypotonic
Rationale:
• A) Isotonic: Incorrect. Isotonic fluids have equal solute concentration to blood plasma,
not lower.
Examination Comprehensive Assessment
of Fluid, Electrolyte, Respiratory,
Nutrition, and IV Therapy Competencies
LATEST ALL VERSIONS ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) | ALREADY GRADED A+
2026/2027 WITH FREE PRACTICE TEST
SETS.
SECTION 1: FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES
Question 1: Fluid Volume Excess
A patient with heart failure presents with edema, weight gain, and crackles in the lungs. Which
condition is the patient most likely experiencing?
A) Fluid Volume Deficit
B) Fluid Volume Excess
C) Pulmonary Embolism
D) Pneumothorax
✔✔✔ CORRECT 100% ANSWER 📌✔❤❤ B) Fluid Volume Excess
,Rationale:
• A) Fluid Volume Deficit: Incorrect. Fluid volume deficit presents with dehydration
symptoms such as dry mucous membranes, orthostatic hypotension, and decreased skin
turgor, not edema and crackles.
• B) Fluid Volume Excess: Correct. This condition is characterized by excess fluid in the
body, often caused by heart failure, leading to symptoms such as edema, weight gain,
and pulmonary congestion (crackles).
• C) Pulmonary Embolism: Incorrect. Pulmonary embolism presents with sudden
shortness of breath, chest pain, and tachycardia, not generalized edema.
• D) Pneumothorax: Incorrect. Pneumothorax presents with sudden chest pain, decreased
breath sounds on one side, and respiratory distress, not edema.
Question 2: Fluid Volume Deficit
A patient presents with orthostatic hypotension, dry mucous membranes, and decreased skin
turgor. Which condition should the nurse suspect?
A) Fluid Volume Excess
B) Pulmonary Edema
C) Fluid Volume Deficit
D) Hyperkalemia
✔✔✔ CORRECT 100% ANSWER 📌✔❤❤ C) Fluid Volume Deficit
Rationale:
• A) Fluid Volume Excess: Incorrect. This condition presents with edema, weight gain, and
pulmonary congestion, not dehydration signs.
• B) Pulmonary Edema: Incorrect. Pulmonary edema presents with shortness of breath
and pink frothy sputum, not orthostatic hypotension.
• C) Fluid Volume Deficit: Correct. This condition involves decreased body fluid volume,
potentially caused by dehydration or hemorrhage, resulting in orthostatic hypotension,
dry mucous membranes, and decreased skin turgor.
, • D) Hyperkalemia: Incorrect. Hyperkalemia presents with cardiac dysrhythmias and
muscle weakness, not the classic dehydration signs listed.
Question 3: Pulmonary Edema
A patient reports severe shortness of breath and is coughing up pink, frothy sputum. Which
condition is most consistent with these findings?
A) Pneumonia
B) Pulmonary Edema
C) Asthma
D) COPD
✔✔✔ CORRECT 100% ANSWER 📌✔❤❤ B) Pulmonary Edema
Rationale:
• A) Pneumonia: Incorrect. Pneumonia typically presents with productive cough of
purulent sputum, fever, and chills, not pink frothy sputum.
• B) Pulmonary Edema: Correct. This condition is characterized by excess fluid in the
lungs, often due to heart failure, leading to shortness of breath and coughing up pink,
frothy sputum.
• C) Asthma: Incorrect. Asthma presents with wheezing, chest tightness, and difficulty
breathing, but not typically pink frothy sputum.
• D) COPD: Incorrect. COPD presents with chronic cough, sputum production, and
dyspnea on exertion, not acute pink frothy sputum.
Question 4: Orthostatic Hypotension
A patient experiences dizziness and lightheadedness when standing up from a sitting position.
Which term best describes this condition?
A) Hypertension
B) Orthostatic Hypotension
, C) Pulmonary Edema
D) Fluid Volume Excess
✔✔✔ CORRECT 100% ANSWER 📌✔❤❤ B) Orthostatic Hypotension
Rationale:
• A) Hypertension: Incorrect. Hypertension refers to consistently elevated blood pressure,
not the drop in blood pressure upon standing.
• B) Orthostatic Hypotension: Correct. This is a form of low blood pressure that occurs
when standing up from sitting or lying down, leading to dizziness, lightheadedness, or
fainting.
• C) Pulmonary Edema: Incorrect. Pulmonary edema involves fluid accumulation in the
lungs, not blood pressure changes upon position change.
• D) Fluid Volume Excess: Incorrect. While fluid volume excess can cause various
symptoms, orthostatic hypotension is specifically related to position changes and is
more associated with fluid deficit.
Question 5: IV Fluid Classifications - Hypotonic
A patient requires IV fluids that have a lower solute concentration than blood plasma. Which
type of IV fluid should the nurse anticipate administering?
A) Isotonic
B) Hypertonic
C) Hypotonic
D) Colloid
✔✔✔ CORRECT 100% ANSWER 📌✔❤❤ C) Hypotonic
Rationale:
• A) Isotonic: Incorrect. Isotonic fluids have equal solute concentration to blood plasma,
not lower.
