Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
Clinical Practice 1st Edition Tkacs Test Bank -Questions with
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
Answer Key At the end of Every Chapter, All Updated
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
Chapter 1. THE FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OF CLINICAL
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
PRACTICE
v4
1. The characteristic, localized cardinal signs of acute inflammation include:
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
A) fever.
B) fatigue.
C) redness.
D) granuloma.
2. The vascular, hemodynamic stage of acute inflammation is initiated by
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
momentary vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation that causes localized:
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
A) bleeding.
B) congestion.
C) pale skin. v4
D) coolness.
3. The cellular stage of acute inflammation is marked by the movement of
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
leukocytes into the area. Which of the following cells arrives early in great
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
numbers?
v4
A) Basophils
B) Lymphocytes
C) Neutrophils
D) Platelets
,4. The phagocytosis process involves three distinct steps. What is the initial
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
step in the process?
v4 v4 v4 v4
A) Engulfment
B) Intracellular killing v4
C) Antigen margination v4
D) Recognition and adherence v4 v4
5. Which of the following mediators of inflammation causes increased capillary
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
permeability and pain?
v4 v4 v4
A) Serotonin
B) Histamine
C) Bradykinin
D) Nitric oxide v4
6. Inflammatory exudates are a combination of several types. Which of the
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
following exudates is composed of enmeshed necrotic cells?
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
A) Serous
B) Fibrinous
C) Suppurative
D) Membranous
7. The acute-phase systemic response usually begins within hours of the onset
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of inflammation and includes:
v4 v4 v4 v4
A) fever and lethargy.
v4 v4
B) decreased C-reactive protein. v4 v4
C) positive nitrogen balance. v4 v 4
D) low erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
v4 v4 v4
8. In contrast to acute inflammation, chronic inflammation is characterized by
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
which of the following phenomena?
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
,A) Profuse fibrinous exudation v4 v4
B) A shift to the left of granulocytes
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
C) Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis v4 v4 v4
D) Lymphocytosis and activated macrophages v 4 v 4 v 4
9. Exogenous pyrogens (interleukin-1) and the presence of bacteria in the blood
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
lead to the release of endogenous pyrogens that:
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
A) stabilize thermal control in the brain. v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
B) produce leukocytosis and anorexia. v4 v 4 v4
C) block viral replication in cells.
v4 v4 v4 v4
D) inhibit prostaglandin release. v4 v4
10 An older adult patient has just sheared the skin on her elbow while attempted
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
. to boost herself up in bed, an event that has precipitated acute inflammation
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
in the region surrounding the wound. Which of the following events will
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
occur during the vascular stage of the patients inflammation?
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
A) Outpouring of exudate into interstitial spaces v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
B) Chemotaxis
C) Accumulation of leukocytes along the epithelium v4 v4 v4 v4 v 4
D) Phagocytosis of cellular debris v4 v4 v4
11 Which of the following individuals most likely has the highest risk of
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
. experiencing chronic inflammation? v 4 v4
A) A patient who has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
B) A patient who is a carrier of an antibiotic-resistant organism
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
C) A patient who is taking oral antibiotics for an upper respiratory infection
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
D) A patient who is morbidly obese and who has a sedentary lifestyle
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
12 Which of the following core body temperatures is within normal range?
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
.
A) 35.9C (96.6F) v4
, B) 38.0C (100.4F) v4
C) 35.5C (95.9F) v4
D) 37.3C (99.1F) v4
13 A postsurgical patient who is recovering in the postanesthetic recovery unit
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
. states that she is freezing cold. Which of the following measures is likely to
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
be initiated in the patients hypothalamus in an effort to reduce heat loss?
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
A) Opening of arteriovenous (AV) shunts v4 v4 v4 v4
B) Reduced exhalation of warmed air v4 v4 v4 v4
C) Contraction of pilomotor muscles v4 v4 v4
D) Decreased urine production v4 v4
14 An elderly patient is dressed only in a hospital gown and complains of a
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
. draft in her room. Consequently, she has requested a warm blanket while she
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
sits in her wheelchair. Which of the following mechanisms of heat loss is
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
vmost likely the primary cause of her request?
4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
A) Evaporation and conduction v 4 v4
B) Radiation and convection v4 v4
C) Conduction and convection v4 v 4
D) Convection and evaporation v4 v 4
15 Which of the following pathophysiologic processes are capable of inducing
v4 v4 v4 v4 v 4 v4 v4 v4 v4
. the production of pyrogens? Select all that apply.
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
A) Acute inflammation v4
B) Obesity
C) Myocardial infarction v4
D) Malignancy
E) Renal failure v4
16 Which of the following patients is most likely to be susceptible to
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
. developing a neurogenic fever? v4 v4 v4
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
Clinical Practice 1st Edition Tkacs Test Bank -Questions with
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
Answer Key At the end of Every Chapter, All Updated
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
Chapter 1. THE FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OF CLINICAL
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
PRACTICE
v4
1. The characteristic, localized cardinal signs of acute inflammation include:
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
A) fever.
B) fatigue.
C) redness.
D) granuloma.
2. The vascular, hemodynamic stage of acute inflammation is initiated by
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
momentary vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation that causes localized:
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
A) bleeding.
B) congestion.
C) pale skin. v4
D) coolness.
3. The cellular stage of acute inflammation is marked by the movement of
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
leukocytes into the area. Which of the following cells arrives early in great
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
numbers?
v4
A) Basophils
B) Lymphocytes
C) Neutrophils
D) Platelets
,4. The phagocytosis process involves three distinct steps. What is the initial
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
step in the process?
v4 v4 v4 v4
A) Engulfment
B) Intracellular killing v4
C) Antigen margination v4
D) Recognition and adherence v4 v4
5. Which of the following mediators of inflammation causes increased capillary
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
permeability and pain?
v4 v4 v4
A) Serotonin
B) Histamine
C) Bradykinin
D) Nitric oxide v4
6. Inflammatory exudates are a combination of several types. Which of the
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
following exudates is composed of enmeshed necrotic cells?
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
A) Serous
B) Fibrinous
C) Suppurative
D) Membranous
7. The acute-phase systemic response usually begins within hours of the onset
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
of inflammation and includes:
v4 v4 v4 v4
A) fever and lethargy.
v4 v4
B) decreased C-reactive protein. v4 v4
C) positive nitrogen balance. v4 v 4
D) low erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
v4 v4 v4
8. In contrast to acute inflammation, chronic inflammation is characterized by
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
which of the following phenomena?
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
,A) Profuse fibrinous exudation v4 v4
B) A shift to the left of granulocytes
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
C) Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis v4 v4 v4
D) Lymphocytosis and activated macrophages v 4 v 4 v 4
9. Exogenous pyrogens (interleukin-1) and the presence of bacteria in the blood
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
lead to the release of endogenous pyrogens that:
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
A) stabilize thermal control in the brain. v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
B) produce leukocytosis and anorexia. v4 v 4 v4
C) block viral replication in cells.
v4 v4 v4 v4
D) inhibit prostaglandin release. v4 v4
10 An older adult patient has just sheared the skin on her elbow while attempted
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
. to boost herself up in bed, an event that has precipitated acute inflammation
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
in the region surrounding the wound. Which of the following events will
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
occur during the vascular stage of the patients inflammation?
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
A) Outpouring of exudate into interstitial spaces v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
B) Chemotaxis
C) Accumulation of leukocytes along the epithelium v4 v4 v4 v4 v 4
D) Phagocytosis of cellular debris v4 v4 v4
11 Which of the following individuals most likely has the highest risk of
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
. experiencing chronic inflammation? v 4 v4
A) A patient who has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
B) A patient who is a carrier of an antibiotic-resistant organism
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
C) A patient who is taking oral antibiotics for an upper respiratory infection
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
D) A patient who is morbidly obese and who has a sedentary lifestyle
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
12 Which of the following core body temperatures is within normal range?
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
.
A) 35.9C (96.6F) v4
, B) 38.0C (100.4F) v4
C) 35.5C (95.9F) v4
D) 37.3C (99.1F) v4
13 A postsurgical patient who is recovering in the postanesthetic recovery unit
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
. states that she is freezing cold. Which of the following measures is likely to
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
be initiated in the patients hypothalamus in an effort to reduce heat loss?
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
A) Opening of arteriovenous (AV) shunts v4 v4 v4 v4
B) Reduced exhalation of warmed air v4 v4 v4 v4
C) Contraction of pilomotor muscles v4 v4 v4
D) Decreased urine production v4 v4
14 An elderly patient is dressed only in a hospital gown and complains of a
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
. draft in her room. Consequently, she has requested a warm blanket while she
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
sits in her wheelchair. Which of the following mechanisms of heat loss is
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
vmost likely the primary cause of her request?
4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
A) Evaporation and conduction v 4 v4
B) Radiation and convection v4 v4
C) Conduction and convection v4 v 4
D) Convection and evaporation v4 v 4
15 Which of the following pathophysiologic processes are capable of inducing
v4 v4 v4 v4 v 4 v4 v4 v4 v4
. the production of pyrogens? Select all that apply.
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
A) Acute inflammation v4
B) Obesity
C) Myocardial infarction v4
D) Malignancy
E) Renal failure v4
16 Which of the following patients is most likely to be susceptible to
v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4 v4
. developing a neurogenic fever? v4 v4 v4
