NURS 5315 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAMS –
COMPLETE PRACTICE TEST BANK UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS
AT ARLINGTON (UTA) QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) PLUS RATIONALES
2026/2027 Q&A | INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF.
CORE DOMAINS
Cellular Adaptation, Injury, and Death
Genetics, Epigenetics, and Congenital Disorders
Inflammation, Immunity, and Infection
Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances
Cardiovascular Pathophysiology
Respiratory Pathophysiology
Renal and Genitourinary Pathophysiology
Endocrine and Metabolic Pathophysiology
Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Pathophysiology
Neurological and Musculoskeletal Pathophysiology
INTRODUCTION
,The NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology assessment
evaluates the advanced knowledge and clinical reasoning
required for graduate-level nursing practice. It assesses
cellular mechanisms of disease, genetic and epigenetic
influences, immune and inflammatory responses, fluid and
electrolyte balance, and the pathophysiology of major body
systems. Items include multiple-choice and scenario-based
questions requiring critical thinking and real-world
application. The examination emphasizes evidence-based
understanding of disease processes essential for advanced
practice nursing. This assessment prepares graduate nursing
students for certification and clinical practice.
SECTION ONE: QUESTIONS 1–100
Question 1
A cell that is deprived of oxygen begins to swell due to
failure of the sodium-potassium pump. Which type of
cellular injury is occurring?
A. Apoptosis
B. Hydropic swelling
C. Necrosis
D. Atrophy
,🟢 Correct answer: B
🔴 RATIONALE: Hydropic swelling occurs when ATP
production decreases, causing the sodium-potassium pump
to fail. Sodium accumulates intracellularly, drawing water
into the cell and causing swelling. This is a reversible form of
cellular injury.
Question 2
A client with chronic hypertension develops left ventricular
hypertrophy. Which cellular adaptation is occurring?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Hypertrophy
D. Dysplasia
🟢 Correct answer: C
🔴 RATIONALE: Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size in
response to increased workload. Cardiac muscle cells
enlarge to compensate for the increased pressure load in
chronic hypertension.
Question 3
, Which genetic disorder is caused by an extra copy of
chromosome 21?
A. Turner syndrome
B. Klinefelter syndrome
C. Down syndrome
D. Edward syndrome
🟢 Correct answer: C
🔴 RATIONALE: Down syndrome (trisomy 21) results from
an extra copy of chromosome 21, causing intellectual
disability, characteristic facial features, and congenital heart
defects.
Question 4
A client with sickle cell disease experiences a vaso-occlusive
crisis. What is the primary pathophysiological mechanism?
A. Hemolysis of sickled cells
B. Polymerization of hemoglobin S under deoxygenation
C. Increased hemoglobin F production
D. Autoimmune destruction of red blood cells
COMPLETE PRACTICE TEST BANK UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS
AT ARLINGTON (UTA) QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) PLUS RATIONALES
2026/2027 Q&A | INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF.
CORE DOMAINS
Cellular Adaptation, Injury, and Death
Genetics, Epigenetics, and Congenital Disorders
Inflammation, Immunity, and Infection
Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances
Cardiovascular Pathophysiology
Respiratory Pathophysiology
Renal and Genitourinary Pathophysiology
Endocrine and Metabolic Pathophysiology
Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Pathophysiology
Neurological and Musculoskeletal Pathophysiology
INTRODUCTION
,The NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology assessment
evaluates the advanced knowledge and clinical reasoning
required for graduate-level nursing practice. It assesses
cellular mechanisms of disease, genetic and epigenetic
influences, immune and inflammatory responses, fluid and
electrolyte balance, and the pathophysiology of major body
systems. Items include multiple-choice and scenario-based
questions requiring critical thinking and real-world
application. The examination emphasizes evidence-based
understanding of disease processes essential for advanced
practice nursing. This assessment prepares graduate nursing
students for certification and clinical practice.
SECTION ONE: QUESTIONS 1–100
Question 1
A cell that is deprived of oxygen begins to swell due to
failure of the sodium-potassium pump. Which type of
cellular injury is occurring?
A. Apoptosis
B. Hydropic swelling
C. Necrosis
D. Atrophy
,🟢 Correct answer: B
🔴 RATIONALE: Hydropic swelling occurs when ATP
production decreases, causing the sodium-potassium pump
to fail. Sodium accumulates intracellularly, drawing water
into the cell and causing swelling. This is a reversible form of
cellular injury.
Question 2
A client with chronic hypertension develops left ventricular
hypertrophy. Which cellular adaptation is occurring?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Hypertrophy
D. Dysplasia
🟢 Correct answer: C
🔴 RATIONALE: Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size in
response to increased workload. Cardiac muscle cells
enlarge to compensate for the increased pressure load in
chronic hypertension.
Question 3
, Which genetic disorder is caused by an extra copy of
chromosome 21?
A. Turner syndrome
B. Klinefelter syndrome
C. Down syndrome
D. Edward syndrome
🟢 Correct answer: C
🔴 RATIONALE: Down syndrome (trisomy 21) results from
an extra copy of chromosome 21, causing intellectual
disability, characteristic facial features, and congenital heart
defects.
Question 4
A client with sickle cell disease experiences a vaso-occlusive
crisis. What is the primary pathophysiological mechanism?
A. Hemolysis of sickled cells
B. Polymerization of hemoglobin S under deoxygenation
C. Increased hemoglobin F production
D. Autoimmune destruction of red blood cells
