RESC 2320: PHARMACOLOGY | STUDY
GUIDE | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
PHARMACOLOGY EXAM PREP| 100%
VERIFIED | A+ GUARANTEE
Updated Questions and Answers | 100% Verified Exam Prep
,parenteral administration injectable such as intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC), intraosseous
(IO)
inhalation administration vapors and gases taken in through the nose or mouth and absorbed in the bloodstream
through the lungs
topical administration application of a drug to the skin or mucous membranes
oral route - good for patients who cannot tolerate or may not respond to inhaled medications
- noncompliant patients
- children
- slower absorption time
- metabolized systemically; greater side effects
inhalation route - produces less side effects
- bypasses GI absorption
- limits hepatic metabolism
- smaller doses
- faster onset of action
- small particle size of drug results in easier delivery into the lungs
parenteral route - quicker onset of actions systemically
- intravenous (IV) is route of preference for systemically acting drugs in emergency
conditions (ex. fluids, cardiac medications, vasopressors, etc.)
- intramuscular and subcutaneous routes are slower to absorb and distribute resulting in
greater onset of action time
bolus injection - IV delivery
- rapid concentrated drug or substance, followed by saline to assure complete deliver of
medication
intraosseous administration - administration of medications directly into the marrow of large bones
- only used when IV access cannot be established or other routes are not available
- concerns: necrosis, infection, osteomyelitis
, in emergency situations and when lung tissue is compatible, - Naloxone (Narcan)
specific medications can be delivered down the endotracheal - Atropine
tube (NAVEL) - Vasopressin
- Epinephrine
- Lidocaine
must give 2-2.5x the normal IV does followed by 10 mL saline flush
pharmacokinetics actions the body performs with the drug
DAME or ADME Distribution, Absorption, Metabolism, Elimination
pharmacodynamics mechanisms by which medications produce effects in the body
agonistic medications stimulates receptors
antagonistic medications blocks receptors
Lock and Key theory Drugs, hormones, chemical substances, and neurotransmitters that exert/ act upon
specific receptor sites
receptor "receiver"
neurotransmitter "message"
adrenergic pathway fight or flight response
adrenergic stimulate receptors responding to norepinephrine/epinephrine
anti-adrenergic block receptors responding to norepinephrine/epinephrine
adrenergic pathway receptors vs neurotransmitters alpha, beta 1 + 2 vs epinephrine, norepinephrine
alpha(1) receptor located in heart, lungs, and vasculature
alpha anti-adrenergic medications - reduces arteriolar resistance
- produces vasodilation (lowers blood pressure)
GUIDE | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
PHARMACOLOGY EXAM PREP| 100%
VERIFIED | A+ GUARANTEE
Updated Questions and Answers | 100% Verified Exam Prep
,parenteral administration injectable such as intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC), intraosseous
(IO)
inhalation administration vapors and gases taken in through the nose or mouth and absorbed in the bloodstream
through the lungs
topical administration application of a drug to the skin or mucous membranes
oral route - good for patients who cannot tolerate or may not respond to inhaled medications
- noncompliant patients
- children
- slower absorption time
- metabolized systemically; greater side effects
inhalation route - produces less side effects
- bypasses GI absorption
- limits hepatic metabolism
- smaller doses
- faster onset of action
- small particle size of drug results in easier delivery into the lungs
parenteral route - quicker onset of actions systemically
- intravenous (IV) is route of preference for systemically acting drugs in emergency
conditions (ex. fluids, cardiac medications, vasopressors, etc.)
- intramuscular and subcutaneous routes are slower to absorb and distribute resulting in
greater onset of action time
bolus injection - IV delivery
- rapid concentrated drug or substance, followed by saline to assure complete deliver of
medication
intraosseous administration - administration of medications directly into the marrow of large bones
- only used when IV access cannot be established or other routes are not available
- concerns: necrosis, infection, osteomyelitis
, in emergency situations and when lung tissue is compatible, - Naloxone (Narcan)
specific medications can be delivered down the endotracheal - Atropine
tube (NAVEL) - Vasopressin
- Epinephrine
- Lidocaine
must give 2-2.5x the normal IV does followed by 10 mL saline flush
pharmacokinetics actions the body performs with the drug
DAME or ADME Distribution, Absorption, Metabolism, Elimination
pharmacodynamics mechanisms by which medications produce effects in the body
agonistic medications stimulates receptors
antagonistic medications blocks receptors
Lock and Key theory Drugs, hormones, chemical substances, and neurotransmitters that exert/ act upon
specific receptor sites
receptor "receiver"
neurotransmitter "message"
adrenergic pathway fight or flight response
adrenergic stimulate receptors responding to norepinephrine/epinephrine
anti-adrenergic block receptors responding to norepinephrine/epinephrine
adrenergic pathway receptors vs neurotransmitters alpha, beta 1 + 2 vs epinephrine, norepinephrine
alpha(1) receptor located in heart, lungs, and vasculature
alpha anti-adrenergic medications - reduces arteriolar resistance
- produces vasodilation (lowers blood pressure)
