BIO 290 Exam 3 Actual Exam V3 | BIO 290
Pharmacology (BIO290 Exam 3) | Joyce University
Section 1: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology
Question 1
A patient is prescribed Omeprazole for the treatment of GERD. What is the
primary mechanism of action for this medication?
A. Neutralizing gastric acid already present in the stomach.
B. Blocking H2 receptors on parietal cells to reduce acid production.
C. Providing a protective barrier over the gastric mucosa.
D. Irreversibly inhibiting the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme system.
Correct Answer: D. Irreversibly inhibiting the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme
system.
Rationale: Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that works by
irreversibly inhibiting the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme system in the
gastric parietal cells. This mechanism effectively blocks the final
step of acid production, leading to a significant increase in gastric
pH. This drug class is considered more potent than H2 receptor
antagonists for long-term acid suppression.
Question 2
When administering Sucralfate to a patient with a duodenal ulcer, which
timing is most appropriate for the nurse to follow?
A. With meals to enhance absorption.
,B. Only when the patient experiences epigastric pain.
C. Immediately following a dose of an antacid.
D. One hour before meals and at bedtime.
Correct Answer: D. One hour before meals and at bedtime.
Rationale: Sucralfate requires an acidic environment to activate and
form a protective paste that adheres to the ulcer site. Administering
it on an empty stomach, typically one hour before meals, ensures
the medication can coat the ulcer before food stimulates acid
production. Giving it with antacids or food would decrease its
effectiveness by raising the gastric pH or interfering with the
coating process.
Question 3
A patient taking Metoclopramide for diabetic gastroparesis reports
involuntary movements of the tongue and face. What is the nurse's
priority action?
A. Hold the medication and notify the healthcare provider immediately.
B. Administer the next dose as scheduled but monitor closely.
C. Reassure the patient that these are common side effects.
D. Suggest the patient take the medication with food to reduce symptoms.
Correct Answer: A. Hold the medication and notify the healthcare provider
immediately.
Rationale: Metoclopramide is a dopamine antagonist that can cause
extrapyramidal symptoms, including tardive dyskinesia, which may
become irreversible. The nurse must recognize these involuntary
,movements as a serious adverse reaction and stop the drug to
prevent further neurological damage. Healthcare providers should
be notified to evaluate the patient and consider alternative
prokinetic therapies.
Question 4
Which teaching point is essential for a patient starting Psyllium, a bulk-
forming laxative?
A. Restricting fluid intake to prevent abdominal bloating.
B. Mixing the powder with at least 8 ounces of water and drinking it
immediately.
C. Taking the medication only when stools are absent for three days.
D. Expecting a bowel movement within 30 minutes of administration.
Correct Answer: B. Mixing the powder with at least 8 ounces of water and
drinking it immediately.
Rationale: Psyllium works by absorbing water to increase the bulk of
the stool, which stimulates peristalsis. If taken without sufficient
water, the powder can swell in the esophagus and cause an
obstruction or worsen constipation. Patients must be taught to drink
plenty of fluids throughout the day to ensure the safety and efficacy
of bulk-forming agents.
Question 5
A patient is receiving Ondansetron for chemotherapy-induced nausea.
Which electrolyte abnormality or cardiac concern should the nurse
monitor for?
, A. Prolonged QT interval and potential dysrhythmias.
B. Hypocalcemia and shortened PR interval.
C. Hyperkalemia and bradycardia.
D. Hypernatremia and hypertension.
Correct Answer: A. Prolonged QT interval and potential dysrhythmias.
Rationale: Ondansetron is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist that is
generally well-tolerated but carries a risk of prolonging the QT
interval. This can lead to serious cardiac dysrhythmias, such as
Torsades de Pointes, especially in patients with existing heart
conditions or electrolyte imbalances. Nurses should perform
baseline ECGs and monitor cardiac rhythm in high-risk patients
receiving this medication.
Question 6
Why is Misoprostol contraindicated in a female patient who is pregnant?
A. It causes severe maternal hypertension.
B. It causes excessive maternal gastric acid secretion.
C. It is known to cause fetal renal failure in the first trimester.
D. It can induce uterine contractions and lead to miscarriage.
Correct Answer: D. It can induce uterine contractions and lead to
miscarriage.
Rationale: Misoprostol is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue used
to prevent NSAID-induced ulcers, but it also stimulates uterine
contractions. Because of its abortifacient properties, it is classified
as Pregnancy Category X and must not be used by pregnant women.
Pharmacology (BIO290 Exam 3) | Joyce University
Section 1: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology
Question 1
A patient is prescribed Omeprazole for the treatment of GERD. What is the
primary mechanism of action for this medication?
A. Neutralizing gastric acid already present in the stomach.
B. Blocking H2 receptors on parietal cells to reduce acid production.
C. Providing a protective barrier over the gastric mucosa.
D. Irreversibly inhibiting the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme system.
Correct Answer: D. Irreversibly inhibiting the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme
system.
Rationale: Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that works by
irreversibly inhibiting the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme system in the
gastric parietal cells. This mechanism effectively blocks the final
step of acid production, leading to a significant increase in gastric
pH. This drug class is considered more potent than H2 receptor
antagonists for long-term acid suppression.
Question 2
When administering Sucralfate to a patient with a duodenal ulcer, which
timing is most appropriate for the nurse to follow?
A. With meals to enhance absorption.
,B. Only when the patient experiences epigastric pain.
C. Immediately following a dose of an antacid.
D. One hour before meals and at bedtime.
Correct Answer: D. One hour before meals and at bedtime.
Rationale: Sucralfate requires an acidic environment to activate and
form a protective paste that adheres to the ulcer site. Administering
it on an empty stomach, typically one hour before meals, ensures
the medication can coat the ulcer before food stimulates acid
production. Giving it with antacids or food would decrease its
effectiveness by raising the gastric pH or interfering with the
coating process.
Question 3
A patient taking Metoclopramide for diabetic gastroparesis reports
involuntary movements of the tongue and face. What is the nurse's
priority action?
A. Hold the medication and notify the healthcare provider immediately.
B. Administer the next dose as scheduled but monitor closely.
C. Reassure the patient that these are common side effects.
D. Suggest the patient take the medication with food to reduce symptoms.
Correct Answer: A. Hold the medication and notify the healthcare provider
immediately.
Rationale: Metoclopramide is a dopamine antagonist that can cause
extrapyramidal symptoms, including tardive dyskinesia, which may
become irreversible. The nurse must recognize these involuntary
,movements as a serious adverse reaction and stop the drug to
prevent further neurological damage. Healthcare providers should
be notified to evaluate the patient and consider alternative
prokinetic therapies.
Question 4
Which teaching point is essential for a patient starting Psyllium, a bulk-
forming laxative?
A. Restricting fluid intake to prevent abdominal bloating.
B. Mixing the powder with at least 8 ounces of water and drinking it
immediately.
C. Taking the medication only when stools are absent for three days.
D. Expecting a bowel movement within 30 minutes of administration.
Correct Answer: B. Mixing the powder with at least 8 ounces of water and
drinking it immediately.
Rationale: Psyllium works by absorbing water to increase the bulk of
the stool, which stimulates peristalsis. If taken without sufficient
water, the powder can swell in the esophagus and cause an
obstruction or worsen constipation. Patients must be taught to drink
plenty of fluids throughout the day to ensure the safety and efficacy
of bulk-forming agents.
Question 5
A patient is receiving Ondansetron for chemotherapy-induced nausea.
Which electrolyte abnormality or cardiac concern should the nurse
monitor for?
, A. Prolonged QT interval and potential dysrhythmias.
B. Hypocalcemia and shortened PR interval.
C. Hyperkalemia and bradycardia.
D. Hypernatremia and hypertension.
Correct Answer: A. Prolonged QT interval and potential dysrhythmias.
Rationale: Ondansetron is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist that is
generally well-tolerated but carries a risk of prolonging the QT
interval. This can lead to serious cardiac dysrhythmias, such as
Torsades de Pointes, especially in patients with existing heart
conditions or electrolyte imbalances. Nurses should perform
baseline ECGs and monitor cardiac rhythm in high-risk patients
receiving this medication.
Question 6
Why is Misoprostol contraindicated in a female patient who is pregnant?
A. It causes severe maternal hypertension.
B. It causes excessive maternal gastric acid secretion.
C. It is known to cause fetal renal failure in the first trimester.
D. It can induce uterine contractions and lead to miscarriage.
Correct Answer: D. It can induce uterine contractions and lead to
miscarriage.
Rationale: Misoprostol is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue used
to prevent NSAID-induced ulcers, but it also stimulates uterine
contractions. Because of its abortifacient properties, it is classified
as Pregnancy Category X and must not be used by pregnant women.
