pharmacology OA WGU
Practice Questions &
Answers
Comprehensive Explanations
& Rationales
Key Concepts • Review
Questions • Exam Preparation
,5 P's of Vascular Impairment -Pain unrelieved by analgesia
-Pallor
-Pulselessness
-Paresthesia
-Paralysis
What is the most serious complication associated w/ Osteomyelitis
skeletal traction
Cervical traction is used to treat Fractures or displaced vertebrae
What kind of traction is always continuous? Spinal
Skin traction is not appropriate if the child has? -Skin infection
-Open wounds
-Extensive tissue damage
What type of traction is used for hemarthrosis associated Joint
with hemophilia?
What type of traction is used to stabilize fractured femurs? Bryant
External fixators provide distraction doing what? Keeping the bone ends separated and in alignment so that healing can occur
Compound fracture skin and tissues around fracture are damaged
Proper healing of a fracture requires what? Correct reduction and retention of the fracture
Open reduction requires surgical insertion of what? Internal or External fixation devices
Fractures in infants usually result from -Birth trauma
-Nonaccidental trauma
Most common sites for fractures in children -Wrist
-Clavicle
-Distal forearm
-Shoulder
Sprain Stretching or tearing of ligaments
, Strain Excessive muscle stretch, resulting in tears and pulls
Dislocation Articulating surfaces of joint no longer in contact
Contusion Damage to soft tissue, muscle, or subcutaneous tissue
What is Osgood-Schlatter disease? Rupture of the growth plate at the tibial tuberosity from stress on patellar tendon
-Bilateral knee pain that occurs w/ running, jumping, climbing stairs
What is Osgood-Schlatter thought to be related to? -Associated with growth
-More common in boys
Manifestations of developmental dysplasia of the hip in -Instability of the hip
NEWBORNS -Femoral head can be displaced partially or fully from the acetabulum by examiner
Manifestations of developmental dysplasia of the hip in -Asymmetry of gluteal skinfolds when lying with legs extended
OLDER INFANTS -Affected hip has limited ROM
-Asymmetric abduction is present when child is supine with knees/hips flexed
-Femur on the affected side appears shorter
-Stiffness/contractures in affected joints
Manifestations of developmental dysplasia of the hip in -Limping
TODDLERS -Toe-walking
-Waddling gait
-Bilateral dysplasia (difficult to identify)
Pavlik harness maintains the hip in 3 positions -Flexion
-Abduction
-External rotation
Improper positioning of hip in Pavlik harness can result in? -Interrupted blood supply to the head of the femur
-Results in avascular necrosis
5 actual/potential problems encountered when caring for -Decreased perfusion
child in spica cast -Potential for injury
-Skin breakdown
-Neurovascular compromise
-Signs of infection
Muscular dystrophies are? Progressive degenerative diseases (inherited) that affect the muscle cells of specific
groups causing weakness/atrophy
Most common type of muscular dystrophy Duchenne
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) -Follows and x-linked recessive pattern of inheritance
-Is the most common FATAL muscle disease in children
Practice Questions &
Answers
Comprehensive Explanations
& Rationales
Key Concepts • Review
Questions • Exam Preparation
,5 P's of Vascular Impairment -Pain unrelieved by analgesia
-Pallor
-Pulselessness
-Paresthesia
-Paralysis
What is the most serious complication associated w/ Osteomyelitis
skeletal traction
Cervical traction is used to treat Fractures or displaced vertebrae
What kind of traction is always continuous? Spinal
Skin traction is not appropriate if the child has? -Skin infection
-Open wounds
-Extensive tissue damage
What type of traction is used for hemarthrosis associated Joint
with hemophilia?
What type of traction is used to stabilize fractured femurs? Bryant
External fixators provide distraction doing what? Keeping the bone ends separated and in alignment so that healing can occur
Compound fracture skin and tissues around fracture are damaged
Proper healing of a fracture requires what? Correct reduction and retention of the fracture
Open reduction requires surgical insertion of what? Internal or External fixation devices
Fractures in infants usually result from -Birth trauma
-Nonaccidental trauma
Most common sites for fractures in children -Wrist
-Clavicle
-Distal forearm
-Shoulder
Sprain Stretching or tearing of ligaments
, Strain Excessive muscle stretch, resulting in tears and pulls
Dislocation Articulating surfaces of joint no longer in contact
Contusion Damage to soft tissue, muscle, or subcutaneous tissue
What is Osgood-Schlatter disease? Rupture of the growth plate at the tibial tuberosity from stress on patellar tendon
-Bilateral knee pain that occurs w/ running, jumping, climbing stairs
What is Osgood-Schlatter thought to be related to? -Associated with growth
-More common in boys
Manifestations of developmental dysplasia of the hip in -Instability of the hip
NEWBORNS -Femoral head can be displaced partially or fully from the acetabulum by examiner
Manifestations of developmental dysplasia of the hip in -Asymmetry of gluteal skinfolds when lying with legs extended
OLDER INFANTS -Affected hip has limited ROM
-Asymmetric abduction is present when child is supine with knees/hips flexed
-Femur on the affected side appears shorter
-Stiffness/contractures in affected joints
Manifestations of developmental dysplasia of the hip in -Limping
TODDLERS -Toe-walking
-Waddling gait
-Bilateral dysplasia (difficult to identify)
Pavlik harness maintains the hip in 3 positions -Flexion
-Abduction
-External rotation
Improper positioning of hip in Pavlik harness can result in? -Interrupted blood supply to the head of the femur
-Results in avascular necrosis
5 actual/potential problems encountered when caring for -Decreased perfusion
child in spica cast -Potential for injury
-Skin breakdown
-Neurovascular compromise
-Signs of infection
Muscular dystrophies are? Progressive degenerative diseases (inherited) that affect the muscle cells of specific
groups causing weakness/atrophy
Most common type of muscular dystrophy Duchenne
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) -Follows and x-linked recessive pattern of inheritance
-Is the most common FATAL muscle disease in children
