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,Hypospadias urethra opens on under side of penis
Epispadias Urethra opens on top of penis(dorsal)
What is the role of the testes in the male genitourinary D
system?
A. Produce male sexy hormones
B. Produce Germ Cells
C. Produce Urine
D. Both a and b
Erectile Dysfunction (ED) Common Blood Flow Issues Arteriosclerosis
Hypertension
Peripheral neuropathy involving erection nerves
ED Risk Factors Penile artery/vein disorders(arteriosclerosis)
Trauma
Obesity
Physical Inactivity
Cigs
Fibrosis or atrophy of penile smooth muscle
ED Causes 2 Psychogenic: performance anxiety, strained relationship, depression, psychiatric disorder
Organic: vascular, neurological, hormonal(DM, thyroid disease), infection, trauma,
- Drugs: antipsychotics, chemo, antiandrogens, glaucoma eye drops
ED Diagnosis Physical and Drug history, examination
ED Treatment Treat underlying cause (DM, hypertension), medications
Priapism Involuntary erection > 4hrs or unrelated to sexual stimulation
Corpus Cavernosa (bilateral vessels that fill with blood) flow is impaired
Priapism can be secondary to: Disease: (leukemia, sickle Cell, stroke, renal failure)
Drugs: antihypertensives, anticoagulants, antidepressants, alcohol, weed
Types of Priapism Ischemic and non ischemic
, Ischemic Priapism Low flow/ vein occlusion
- Erection with little to no blood flow
- Abnormal blood gases in cavernosa (hypoxic, hypercapnia, acidotic)
- PAINFUL TOUCH
- EMERGENCY
Nonischemic Priapism Unregulated arterial cavernous flow
- Not acidotic or hypoxic
- Not painful
- Most commonly from TRAUMA
Priapism DIagnosis and Treatment Manage symptoms and preserve tissue function
Analgesics, sedation, hydration, Ice packs, Cold saline enemas
Hydrocele Serous fluid in scrotum without previous inguinal hernia
Fluid between parietal and visceral layers of tunica vaginalis
Common after birth
Unilateral or Bilateral swelling
Causes of Hydrocele Congenital, injury, Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI), Lymph Obstruction, Testicular
torsion
Hydrocele Treatment Observation (first 2 years of life)
Elevation
Aspiration or Surgery
Testicular Torsion Twisting of the spermatic cord cutting off blood supply ipsilateral testicle EMERGENCY
Testicular Torsion Intravaginal Common in Adolescents
Increased weight of testicle+sudden contraction of cremaster muscle
Leads to
- Severe distress within hours of symptoms, nausea/vomiting, tachycardia
- Testes large, tender
Radiating pain to inguinal area