Abnormal Psychology:
Chapters 1–4 Models
Practice Questions &
Answers
Comprehensive Explanations
& Rationales
Key Concepts • Review
Questions • Exam Preparation
,What are the four Ds of abnormality? Deviance, Distress, Dysfunction, Danger.
What is deviance? Behavior, thoughts, or emotions that differ greatly from
cultural/social norms.
What does a person screaming at Deviance = different from accepted norms.
strangers in a social setting indicate?
What is distress? Behavior, thoughts, or emotions that cause the person
significant suffering or emotional pain.
What does constant anxiety causing Distress = suffering.
misery indicate?
What is dysfunction? Psychological problems interfere with daily life, work,
school, relationships, or self-care.
What does depression preventing Dysfunction = cannot function normally.
normal functioning indicate?
What is danger? Behavior creates a serious risk of harm to self or
others.
What does repeated attempts to injure Danger = risk of harm.
oneself indicate?
Do all four Ds have to be present for No. Abnormality depends on the pattern, severity,
behavior to be considered abnormal? context, culture, and consequences.
, What is the fastest way to remember Different, Distressed, Dysfunctional, Dangerous.
the four Ds?
What determines abnormality? A combination of the four Ds plus cultural, social, and
situational context.
What is eccentricity? Unusual or unconventional behavior that may be odd
but not psychologically harmful.
Is wearing unusual clothing while being Eccentric. Unusual behavior alone does not equal
happy and functional considered mental disorder.
abnormal or eccentric?
What is the difference between Eccentricity = unusual. Abnormality =
eccentricity and abnormality? unusual/problematic enough to involve distress,
dysfunction, danger, etc.
What three features are found in A person seeking relief + a trained/socially accepted
essentially all forms of therapy? healer + interactions intended to produce change.
What is psychotherapy? A distressed person regularly meets with a trained
professional who uses planned methods to help them
change.
How did many ancient societies explain Demonological explanations: evil spirits, demons, or
abnormal behavior? supernatural forces.
What treatments followed ancient Exorcism, prayer, rituals, and sometimes trephination.
demonological beliefs?
What historical treatment involved Trephination, based on supernatural explanations.
making a hole in a person's skull?
Chapters 1–4 Models
Practice Questions &
Answers
Comprehensive Explanations
& Rationales
Key Concepts • Review
Questions • Exam Preparation
,What are the four Ds of abnormality? Deviance, Distress, Dysfunction, Danger.
What is deviance? Behavior, thoughts, or emotions that differ greatly from
cultural/social norms.
What does a person screaming at Deviance = different from accepted norms.
strangers in a social setting indicate?
What is distress? Behavior, thoughts, or emotions that cause the person
significant suffering or emotional pain.
What does constant anxiety causing Distress = suffering.
misery indicate?
What is dysfunction? Psychological problems interfere with daily life, work,
school, relationships, or self-care.
What does depression preventing Dysfunction = cannot function normally.
normal functioning indicate?
What is danger? Behavior creates a serious risk of harm to self or
others.
What does repeated attempts to injure Danger = risk of harm.
oneself indicate?
Do all four Ds have to be present for No. Abnormality depends on the pattern, severity,
behavior to be considered abnormal? context, culture, and consequences.
, What is the fastest way to remember Different, Distressed, Dysfunctional, Dangerous.
the four Ds?
What determines abnormality? A combination of the four Ds plus cultural, social, and
situational context.
What is eccentricity? Unusual or unconventional behavior that may be odd
but not psychologically harmful.
Is wearing unusual clothing while being Eccentric. Unusual behavior alone does not equal
happy and functional considered mental disorder.
abnormal or eccentric?
What is the difference between Eccentricity = unusual. Abnormality =
eccentricity and abnormality? unusual/problematic enough to involve distress,
dysfunction, danger, etc.
What three features are found in A person seeking relief + a trained/socially accepted
essentially all forms of therapy? healer + interactions intended to produce change.
What is psychotherapy? A distressed person regularly meets with a trained
professional who uses planned methods to help them
change.
How did many ancient societies explain Demonological explanations: evil spirits, demons, or
abnormal behavior? supernatural forces.
What treatments followed ancient Exorcism, prayer, rituals, and sometimes trephination.
demonological beliefs?
What historical treatment involved Trephination, based on supernatural explanations.
making a hole in a person's skull?
