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Thermodynamics_ Laws, Entropy & Free Energy Concepts 2026_2027
Thermodynamics: Laws, Entropy &
Free Energy Concepts 2026/2027
Thermodynamics_ Laws, Entropy & Free Energy Concepts 2026_2027.pdf
Page 1 of 9
Thermodynamics_ Laws, Entropy & Free Energy Concepts 2026_2027
, Thermodynamics_ Laws, Entropy, and Free Energy Concepts.pdf Page 2 of 9 Thermodynamics_ Laws, Entropy, and Free Energy Concepts
First Law of Thermodynamics
ΔU = q + w; energy is conserved.
State function vs. path function
State functions depend only on initial/final states; path functions depend on the process.
PV work
w = −PexΔV
Thermodynamics_ Laws, Entropy, and Free Energy Concepts.pdf Page 2 of 9 Thermodynamics_ Laws, Entropy, and Free Energy Concepts