TEST BANK
Goodman and Gilman's The
Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
14th Edition
Author(s)Laurence Brunton; Bjorn Knollmann
Print ISBN: 9781264258079
,Question 1
A researcher investigates a medicinal plant that has been used
traditionally to treat inflammatory symptoms. Which step is most
appropriate for identifying the specific molecule responsible for the
observed pharmacological effect?
A. Administer the whole plant extract indefinitely to patients
B. Separate the extract into fractions and test each fraction for
,biological activity
C. Convert all plant constituents into proteins before testing
D. Eliminate compounds based solely on their molecular weight
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Fractionating the extract and testing each fraction is the foundation of
bioassay-guided fractionation, allowing investigators to track biological
activity as potentially active constituents are progressively separated
and purified. A is inappropriate because prolonged clinical use does not
identify the active constituent. C is unnecessary and would destroy or
alter many small-molecule constituents. D is not a valid method for
identifying pharmacological activity because molecular weight alone
does not determine biological effect.
Question 2
What is the primary objective of isolating a bioactive compound from a
medicinal plant during early drug discovery?
A. To determine whether the compound can be administered
intravenously
B. To identify the chemical constituent responsible for a measurable
biological effect
C. To guarantee that the compound is safe for human use
D. To establish the final therapeutic dose immediately
Correct Answer: B
, Rationale:
Isolation seeks to identify and characterize the constituent associated
with biological activity. A route of administration is a later development
consideration. C cannot be assumed from isolation because toxicity
evaluation is required separately. D is also premature because dosing
depends on subsequent pharmacological, pharmacokinetic,
toxicological, and clinical evaluation.
Question 3
A compound isolated from a plant produces a reproducible effect in an
experimental biological assay. In drug discovery terminology, this
compound is most appropriately considered a:
A. Biomarker
B. Hit
C. Formulary drug
D. Placebo
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
A hit is a compound that demonstrates desired activity in an initial
screening assay and warrants further investigation. A biomarker is a
measurable indicator of a biological state or response. A formulary drug
is an approved or selected therapeutic product, and a placebo lacks the
active pharmacological component being investigated.
Question 4
Goodman and Gilman's The
Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
14th Edition
Author(s)Laurence Brunton; Bjorn Knollmann
Print ISBN: 9781264258079
,Question 1
A researcher investigates a medicinal plant that has been used
traditionally to treat inflammatory symptoms. Which step is most
appropriate for identifying the specific molecule responsible for the
observed pharmacological effect?
A. Administer the whole plant extract indefinitely to patients
B. Separate the extract into fractions and test each fraction for
,biological activity
C. Convert all plant constituents into proteins before testing
D. Eliminate compounds based solely on their molecular weight
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Fractionating the extract and testing each fraction is the foundation of
bioassay-guided fractionation, allowing investigators to track biological
activity as potentially active constituents are progressively separated
and purified. A is inappropriate because prolonged clinical use does not
identify the active constituent. C is unnecessary and would destroy or
alter many small-molecule constituents. D is not a valid method for
identifying pharmacological activity because molecular weight alone
does not determine biological effect.
Question 2
What is the primary objective of isolating a bioactive compound from a
medicinal plant during early drug discovery?
A. To determine whether the compound can be administered
intravenously
B. To identify the chemical constituent responsible for a measurable
biological effect
C. To guarantee that the compound is safe for human use
D. To establish the final therapeutic dose immediately
Correct Answer: B
, Rationale:
Isolation seeks to identify and characterize the constituent associated
with biological activity. A route of administration is a later development
consideration. C cannot be assumed from isolation because toxicity
evaluation is required separately. D is also premature because dosing
depends on subsequent pharmacological, pharmacokinetic,
toxicological, and clinical evaluation.
Question 3
A compound isolated from a plant produces a reproducible effect in an
experimental biological assay. In drug discovery terminology, this
compound is most appropriately considered a:
A. Biomarker
B. Hit
C. Formulary drug
D. Placebo
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
A hit is a compound that demonstrates desired activity in an initial
screening assay and warrants further investigation. A biomarker is a
measurable indicator of a biological state or response. A formulary drug
is an approved or selected therapeutic product, and a placebo lacks the
active pharmacological component being investigated.
Question 4
