N3 Laser Safety | Practice Test, Exam Review Questions & Verified Answers
Ionisation Electrical process in which electron is knocked out of its orbit
Ionising radiation radiation that is energetic and capable of causing atoms and molecules in its path to
split into positive and negative ions
ionising radiation includes alpha, beta and gamma rays
decay of radioactive substances produces what rays alpha, beta and gamma rays
x-ray machines produce x-rays
particulate radiation consist of ___ and ___ rays alpha, beta
x-rays are electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 100nm to 1e-5 nm
alpha, beta, gamma rays result from spontaneous re-arrangements within unstable nuclei
x-rays produced by electroncs jumping between orbits close to nucleus or electrons losing energy when
passing through strong electric field close to nucleus
x-rays are unlike radiation from radioactive sources they can be "turned off" by disconnecting high voltage
because
alpha and beta are sub-atomic particles
gamma and x-ray are electromagnetic rays
alpha radiation completely absorbed by sheet of paper, few centimeters of air
beta radiation completely absorbed by few cm of wood, glass, water or several meters of air
gamma and x-ray intensity reduced significantly by few mm of lead, few cm of concrete/brick (low energy). 10cm or more of lead, meter
or so of concrete/brick (high energy)
Stuvia 2026-2027
, N3 Laser Safety | Practice Test, Exam Review Questions & Verified Answers
non-ionising radiation refers to radiation which energy not capable in causing ionistion, but capable in causing other injuries
non-ionising radiation wavelengths greater than 100nm and acoustic radiation and fields with frequencies above 16
kHz
examples of non-ionising radiation microwave, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, laser, ultrasound radiation
electromagnetic radiation created by oscillating electric charges
kind of EM radiation emitted is determined by frequency of oscillation
EM radiation can be considered as a stream of particles photons
called
photon has associated an amount of energy hf, h is Planck's constant, f is frequency
Planck's constant, h = ? 6.626e-34 Js or 4.1357e-15 eVs
Radiation has dual wave-particle character because frequency of wave motion can be used to calculate energy of emitted photon
ionising radiation consists of ___ region and 2 types of ray region. Gamma and x-rays
radiation
non-ionising radiation consist of ___ region and ___ region optical region, wave region
types of radiation in increasing frequency radiowave, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-ray, gamma rays
gamma rays freq, wavelength, energy >10^19 Hz, <0.03nm, >40keV
x-rays freq, wavelength, energy 3e15 to 10^19 Hz, 0.03nm to 100nm, 12.4eV to 40keV
ultraviolet freq, wavelength, energy 7.5e14 Hz to 1.67e15 Hz, 100nm to 400nm, 3.1eV to 6.9eV
Stuvia 2026-2027
Ionisation Electrical process in which electron is knocked out of its orbit
Ionising radiation radiation that is energetic and capable of causing atoms and molecules in its path to
split into positive and negative ions
ionising radiation includes alpha, beta and gamma rays
decay of radioactive substances produces what rays alpha, beta and gamma rays
x-ray machines produce x-rays
particulate radiation consist of ___ and ___ rays alpha, beta
x-rays are electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 100nm to 1e-5 nm
alpha, beta, gamma rays result from spontaneous re-arrangements within unstable nuclei
x-rays produced by electroncs jumping between orbits close to nucleus or electrons losing energy when
passing through strong electric field close to nucleus
x-rays are unlike radiation from radioactive sources they can be "turned off" by disconnecting high voltage
because
alpha and beta are sub-atomic particles
gamma and x-ray are electromagnetic rays
alpha radiation completely absorbed by sheet of paper, few centimeters of air
beta radiation completely absorbed by few cm of wood, glass, water or several meters of air
gamma and x-ray intensity reduced significantly by few mm of lead, few cm of concrete/brick (low energy). 10cm or more of lead, meter
or so of concrete/brick (high energy)
Stuvia 2026-2027
, N3 Laser Safety | Practice Test, Exam Review Questions & Verified Answers
non-ionising radiation refers to radiation which energy not capable in causing ionistion, but capable in causing other injuries
non-ionising radiation wavelengths greater than 100nm and acoustic radiation and fields with frequencies above 16
kHz
examples of non-ionising radiation microwave, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, laser, ultrasound radiation
electromagnetic radiation created by oscillating electric charges
kind of EM radiation emitted is determined by frequency of oscillation
EM radiation can be considered as a stream of particles photons
called
photon has associated an amount of energy hf, h is Planck's constant, f is frequency
Planck's constant, h = ? 6.626e-34 Js or 4.1357e-15 eVs
Radiation has dual wave-particle character because frequency of wave motion can be used to calculate energy of emitted photon
ionising radiation consists of ___ region and 2 types of ray region. Gamma and x-rays
radiation
non-ionising radiation consist of ___ region and ___ region optical region, wave region
types of radiation in increasing frequency radiowave, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-ray, gamma rays
gamma rays freq, wavelength, energy >10^19 Hz, <0.03nm, >40keV
x-rays freq, wavelength, energy 3e15 to 10^19 Hz, 0.03nm to 100nm, 12.4eV to 40keV
ultraviolet freq, wavelength, energy 7.5e14 Hz to 1.67e15 Hz, 100nm to 400nm, 3.1eV to 6.9eV
Stuvia 2026-2027
