TEST BANK
Goodman and Gilman's The
Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
14th Edition
Author(s)Laurence Brunton; Bjorn Knollmann
Print ISBN: 9781264258079
,Question 1
A research team isolates a compound from a medicinal plant after
observing that an extract has antibacterial activity. Which finding would
provide the strongest evidence that the isolated compound is
responsible for the observed activity?
A. The compound is abundant in the plant extract
B. Purified compound reproduces the biological activity in a validated
,assay
C. The compound has a molecular weight similar to known antibiotics
D. The compound is structurally complex and contains several
functional groups
Correct Answer:
B. Purified compound reproduces the biological activity in a validated
assay
Rationale:
B is correct because demonstrating that the purified compound
reproduces the biological effect supports a causal relationship between
the compound and the activity observed in the original extract.
A is incorrect because abundance does not establish biological activity.
C is incorrect because molecular-weight similarity to existing drugs does
not demonstrate antibacterial efficacy.
D is incorrect because structural complexity alone does not indicate
pharmacological activity.
Question 2
During early drug discovery, what is the primary purpose of identifying
a drug target?
A. To determine the final commercial formulation
B. To identify a biological component whose modulation may produce a
therapeutic effect
C. To establish the exact clinical dose before human studies
D. To eliminate the need for pharmacokinetic studies
, Correct Answer:
B. To identify a biological component whose modulation may produce a
therapeutic effect
Rationale:
B is correct because a drug target is a biological molecule or process
whose modulation can alter disease-relevant physiology. Target
identification helps provide a mechanistic basis for subsequent
compound discovery and optimization.
A is incorrect because formulation development occurs later and is a
separate process.
C is incorrect because clinical dosing cannot be established solely
through target identification.
D is incorrect because target identification does not eliminate the need
to understand drug disposition.
Question 3
A natural product is discovered to bind selectively to a receptor involved
in a disease pathway. Investigators then synthesize related molecules
and compare their receptor activity. Which concept are they primarily
investigating?
A. Structure-activity relationship
B. Bioavailability
C. Renal clearance
D. Therapeutic drug monitoring
Correct Answer:
A. Structure-activity relationship
Goodman and Gilman's The
Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
14th Edition
Author(s)Laurence Brunton; Bjorn Knollmann
Print ISBN: 9781264258079
,Question 1
A research team isolates a compound from a medicinal plant after
observing that an extract has antibacterial activity. Which finding would
provide the strongest evidence that the isolated compound is
responsible for the observed activity?
A. The compound is abundant in the plant extract
B. Purified compound reproduces the biological activity in a validated
,assay
C. The compound has a molecular weight similar to known antibiotics
D. The compound is structurally complex and contains several
functional groups
Correct Answer:
B. Purified compound reproduces the biological activity in a validated
assay
Rationale:
B is correct because demonstrating that the purified compound
reproduces the biological effect supports a causal relationship between
the compound and the activity observed in the original extract.
A is incorrect because abundance does not establish biological activity.
C is incorrect because molecular-weight similarity to existing drugs does
not demonstrate antibacterial efficacy.
D is incorrect because structural complexity alone does not indicate
pharmacological activity.
Question 2
During early drug discovery, what is the primary purpose of identifying
a drug target?
A. To determine the final commercial formulation
B. To identify a biological component whose modulation may produce a
therapeutic effect
C. To establish the exact clinical dose before human studies
D. To eliminate the need for pharmacokinetic studies
, Correct Answer:
B. To identify a biological component whose modulation may produce a
therapeutic effect
Rationale:
B is correct because a drug target is a biological molecule or process
whose modulation can alter disease-relevant physiology. Target
identification helps provide a mechanistic basis for subsequent
compound discovery and optimization.
A is incorrect because formulation development occurs later and is a
separate process.
C is incorrect because clinical dosing cannot be established solely
through target identification.
D is incorrect because target identification does not eliminate the need
to understand drug disposition.
Question 3
A natural product is discovered to bind selectively to a receptor involved
in a disease pathway. Investigators then synthesize related molecules
and compare their receptor activity. Which concept are they primarily
investigating?
A. Structure-activity relationship
B. Bioavailability
C. Renal clearance
D. Therapeutic drug monitoring
Correct Answer:
A. Structure-activity relationship
