TEST BANK
Goodman and Gilman's The
Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
14th Edition
Author(s)Laurence Brunton; Bjorn Knollmann
Print ISBN: 9781264258079
,Question 1
A researcher begins investigating a traditional medicinal plant after
observing that extracts from the plant have been used for centuries to
relieve inflammatory symptoms. What is the most appropriate role of
this observation in modern drug discovery?
A. It proves that the plant contains a therapeutically useful drug
B. It provides a starting hypothesis for identifying biologically active
,constituents
C. It eliminates the need for controlled pharmacological testing
D. It demonstrates that the plant extract is safer than synthetic
compounds
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
B is correct because traditional use can provide a useful starting point
for identifying potentially active compounds, but the active constituent
and its safety and efficacy still require systematic investigation. A is
incorrect because traditional use does not prove that a specific
compound is responsible for the effect or that it is clinically effective. C
is incorrect because controlled pharmacological and toxicological
evaluation remains necessary. D is incorrect because natural origin does
not inherently establish greater safety.
Question 2
Which characteristic most directly distinguishes a lead compound from
a random chemical found during screening?
A. It has already received regulatory approval
B. It demonstrates a potentially useful biological activity that can be
optimized
C. It must be derived from a medicinal plant
D. It must have no measurable adverse effects
Correct Answer: B
, Rationale:
B is correct because a lead compound is a molecule with sufficient
biological activity and other desirable characteristics to justify further
optimization. A is incorrect because regulatory approval occurs much
later, if at all. C is incorrect because lead compounds may arise from
natural products, synthetic libraries, or computational approaches. D is
incorrect because early leads may possess undesirable properties that
must be optimized.
Question 3
A scientist isolates a single compound from a plant extract and finds
that the purified compound produces the same biological effect as the
original extract. What does this finding most strongly support?
A. The compound may contribute substantially to the biological activity
of the extract
B. The compound is automatically suitable for clinical use
C. The compound must be the only active constituent in the plant
D. The compound has superior efficacy to all synthetic drugs
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
A is correct because reproducing the biological activity after purification
supports the compound's role as an active constituent. B is incorrect
because clinical suitability requires additional pharmacological,
toxicological, pharmacokinetic, and clinical evaluation. C is incorrect
because the plant may contain multiple active constituents. D is
Goodman and Gilman's The
Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
14th Edition
Author(s)Laurence Brunton; Bjorn Knollmann
Print ISBN: 9781264258079
,Question 1
A researcher begins investigating a traditional medicinal plant after
observing that extracts from the plant have been used for centuries to
relieve inflammatory symptoms. What is the most appropriate role of
this observation in modern drug discovery?
A. It proves that the plant contains a therapeutically useful drug
B. It provides a starting hypothesis for identifying biologically active
,constituents
C. It eliminates the need for controlled pharmacological testing
D. It demonstrates that the plant extract is safer than synthetic
compounds
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
B is correct because traditional use can provide a useful starting point
for identifying potentially active compounds, but the active constituent
and its safety and efficacy still require systematic investigation. A is
incorrect because traditional use does not prove that a specific
compound is responsible for the effect or that it is clinically effective. C
is incorrect because controlled pharmacological and toxicological
evaluation remains necessary. D is incorrect because natural origin does
not inherently establish greater safety.
Question 2
Which characteristic most directly distinguishes a lead compound from
a random chemical found during screening?
A. It has already received regulatory approval
B. It demonstrates a potentially useful biological activity that can be
optimized
C. It must be derived from a medicinal plant
D. It must have no measurable adverse effects
Correct Answer: B
, Rationale:
B is correct because a lead compound is a molecule with sufficient
biological activity and other desirable characteristics to justify further
optimization. A is incorrect because regulatory approval occurs much
later, if at all. C is incorrect because lead compounds may arise from
natural products, synthetic libraries, or computational approaches. D is
incorrect because early leads may possess undesirable properties that
must be optimized.
Question 3
A scientist isolates a single compound from a plant extract and finds
that the purified compound produces the same biological effect as the
original extract. What does this finding most strongly support?
A. The compound may contribute substantially to the biological activity
of the extract
B. The compound is automatically suitable for clinical use
C. The compound must be the only active constituent in the plant
D. The compound has superior efficacy to all synthetic drugs
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
A is correct because reproducing the biological activity after purification
supports the compound's role as an active constituent. B is incorrect
because clinical suitability requires additional pharmacological,
toxicological, pharmacokinetic, and clinical evaluation. C is incorrect
because the plant may contain multiple active constituents. D is
