NEBOSH PSM REVISION PAPER ANSWERS AND
QUESTIONS SET A+
Immediate cause - ✔✔The unsafe act or unsafe condition that leads directly to the
consequences (caused harm, damage, etc)
✔✔Root cause - ✔✔An underlying circumstance that allowed the unsafe condition or
act to exist (mainly organisational and management failings)
✔✔MOC - ✔✔Management of Change
✔✔Consultation - ✔✔The two-way exchange of information between parties, in this
case between employer and worker. This is far more effective than the one-way
exchange that we see when people are simply 'informed'
✔✔Competence - ✔✔The ability to undertake responsibilities and to perform activities to
a recognised standard on a regular basis... a combination of practical and thinking skills,
experience and knowledge
✔✔Leading indicators - ✔✔Proactive measurements of conditions that monitor process
safety before something goes wrong and to see if things are operating as intended
✔✔Lagging indicators - ✔✔Reactive measures that look at failures, such as the number
of injuries, the number of near misses and the number of spills that are reported, or
excursions where plant is operated outside the intended operational envelope
✔✔Auditing - ✔✔This can be defined as the "systematic, objective critical evaluation of
how well an organisation's management system is performing by examining the
evidence"
✔✔Hazard - ✔✔Something that has the potential to cause harm
✔✔Risk - ✔✔This is the likelihood that a hazard will cause harm, in a combination with
the severity of injury, damage or loss that might foreseeably occur.
, ✔✔Plan, Do, Check, Act - ✔✔Plan - establish a clear set of goals and targets that will
move the organisation forward in terms of health and safety management.
Do - carry out actions to improve health & safety.
Check - monitor and deterimine whether the steps you have taken are moving you
closer to your goals. These measures can include accident investigation findings.
Act - take action as a result of the monitoring findings in order to continually improve the
process.
✔✔COMAH - ✔✔UK Control of Major Accident Hazards Regulations 2015
✔✔MAPP - ✔✔Major accident prevention policy
✔✔Auditing - ✔✔Systematic, objective critical evaluation of how well an organisation's
management system is performing by examining evidence
✔✔Hazard - ✔✔Something that has the potential to cause harm
✔✔Risk - ✔✔The likelihood that a hazard will cause harm, in combination with the
severity of injury, damage, or loss that might foreseeably occur
✔✔ALARP - ✔✔As Low As Reasonably Practicable, reduce process risks to a point
where it is at its lowest within reasonable costs
✔✔Qualitative Assessment (Q) - ✔✔frequency and severity are determined purely
qualitatively, eg low, medium, high
✔✔Semi-quantitative (SQ) - ✔✔frequency and severity are approximately quantified
within ranges
✔✔Quantified Risk Assessment (QRA) - ✔✔full quantification occurs by the use of
known data
✔✔Barrier Models - ✔✔Swiss model, multiple barriers to prevent hazards from resulting
in loss of containment/fatality
✔✔HAZOP - ✔✔Hazard and Operability Study, what causes a process to lose control or
deviate from design intent
QUESTIONS SET A+
Immediate cause - ✔✔The unsafe act or unsafe condition that leads directly to the
consequences (caused harm, damage, etc)
✔✔Root cause - ✔✔An underlying circumstance that allowed the unsafe condition or
act to exist (mainly organisational and management failings)
✔✔MOC - ✔✔Management of Change
✔✔Consultation - ✔✔The two-way exchange of information between parties, in this
case between employer and worker. This is far more effective than the one-way
exchange that we see when people are simply 'informed'
✔✔Competence - ✔✔The ability to undertake responsibilities and to perform activities to
a recognised standard on a regular basis... a combination of practical and thinking skills,
experience and knowledge
✔✔Leading indicators - ✔✔Proactive measurements of conditions that monitor process
safety before something goes wrong and to see if things are operating as intended
✔✔Lagging indicators - ✔✔Reactive measures that look at failures, such as the number
of injuries, the number of near misses and the number of spills that are reported, or
excursions where plant is operated outside the intended operational envelope
✔✔Auditing - ✔✔This can be defined as the "systematic, objective critical evaluation of
how well an organisation's management system is performing by examining the
evidence"
✔✔Hazard - ✔✔Something that has the potential to cause harm
✔✔Risk - ✔✔This is the likelihood that a hazard will cause harm, in a combination with
the severity of injury, damage or loss that might foreseeably occur.
, ✔✔Plan, Do, Check, Act - ✔✔Plan - establish a clear set of goals and targets that will
move the organisation forward in terms of health and safety management.
Do - carry out actions to improve health & safety.
Check - monitor and deterimine whether the steps you have taken are moving you
closer to your goals. These measures can include accident investigation findings.
Act - take action as a result of the monitoring findings in order to continually improve the
process.
✔✔COMAH - ✔✔UK Control of Major Accident Hazards Regulations 2015
✔✔MAPP - ✔✔Major accident prevention policy
✔✔Auditing - ✔✔Systematic, objective critical evaluation of how well an organisation's
management system is performing by examining evidence
✔✔Hazard - ✔✔Something that has the potential to cause harm
✔✔Risk - ✔✔The likelihood that a hazard will cause harm, in combination with the
severity of injury, damage, or loss that might foreseeably occur
✔✔ALARP - ✔✔As Low As Reasonably Practicable, reduce process risks to a point
where it is at its lowest within reasonable costs
✔✔Qualitative Assessment (Q) - ✔✔frequency and severity are determined purely
qualitatively, eg low, medium, high
✔✔Semi-quantitative (SQ) - ✔✔frequency and severity are approximately quantified
within ranges
✔✔Quantified Risk Assessment (QRA) - ✔✔full quantification occurs by the use of
known data
✔✔Barrier Models - ✔✔Swiss model, multiple barriers to prevent hazards from resulting
in loss of containment/fatality
✔✔HAZOP - ✔✔Hazard and Operability Study, what causes a process to lose control or
deviate from design intent
