NSG 530 Exam 1 Practice (Advanced
Pathophysiology) NSG 530 Exam 1: Updated
2024/2025 Advanced Pathophysiology with
Verified 100% Correct Answers
1. Cellular Adaptation
Q1. A patient with long-term hypertension develops left ventricular wall
thickening. What adaptation is this?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Atrophy
D. Dysplasia
Resolution Result Verified Answers : B
Rationale: Hypertrophy = increased cell size (not number), common in cardiac
muscle under pressure overload.
2. Cell Injury
Q2. Which finding indicates irreversible cell injury?
A. Cellular swelling
B. Fatty change
C. Mitochondrial dysfunction
D. Membrane rupture
Resolution Result Verified Answers : D
Rationale: Membrane damage = point of no return → necrosis.
3. Necrosis vs Apoptosis
,Q3. Which is true about apoptosis?
A. Always causes inflammation
B. Random cell death
C. Programmed cell death
D. Caused by trauma only
Resolution Result Verified Answers : C
Rationale: Apoptosis is controlled, non-inflammatory cell death.
4. Inflammation
Q4. Which cell is dominant in acute inflammation?
A. Lymphocytes
B. Macrophages
C. Neutrophils
D. Eosinophils
Resolution Result Verified Answers : C
5. Signs of Inflammation
Q5. Which mediator is primarily responsible for pain?
A. Histamine
B. Bradykinin
C. Serotonin
D. Albumin
Resolution Result Verified Answers : B
Rationale: Bradykinin stimulates pain receptors.
6. Immune System
Q6. Which immunity provides memory?
A. Innate
B. Adaptive
C. Passive
, D. Non-specific
Resolution Result Verified Answers : B
7. Hypersensitivity
Q7. Anaphylaxis is classified as which type?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Resolution Result Verified Answers : A
Rationale: IgE-mediated immediate reaction.
8. Type II Hypersensitivity
Q8. Hemolytic anemia is an example of:
A. Immune complex disease
B. Cytotoxic antibody reaction
C. Delayed T-cell response
D. IgE reaction
Resolution Result Verified Answers : B
9. Electrolytes
Q9. Which ECG change is associated with hyperkalemia?
A. U waves
B. Flattened T waves
C. Peaked T waves
D. ST depression
Resolution Result Verified Answers : C
10. Sodium Imbalance
Pathophysiology) NSG 530 Exam 1: Updated
2024/2025 Advanced Pathophysiology with
Verified 100% Correct Answers
1. Cellular Adaptation
Q1. A patient with long-term hypertension develops left ventricular wall
thickening. What adaptation is this?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Atrophy
D. Dysplasia
Resolution Result Verified Answers : B
Rationale: Hypertrophy = increased cell size (not number), common in cardiac
muscle under pressure overload.
2. Cell Injury
Q2. Which finding indicates irreversible cell injury?
A. Cellular swelling
B. Fatty change
C. Mitochondrial dysfunction
D. Membrane rupture
Resolution Result Verified Answers : D
Rationale: Membrane damage = point of no return → necrosis.
3. Necrosis vs Apoptosis
,Q3. Which is true about apoptosis?
A. Always causes inflammation
B. Random cell death
C. Programmed cell death
D. Caused by trauma only
Resolution Result Verified Answers : C
Rationale: Apoptosis is controlled, non-inflammatory cell death.
4. Inflammation
Q4. Which cell is dominant in acute inflammation?
A. Lymphocytes
B. Macrophages
C. Neutrophils
D. Eosinophils
Resolution Result Verified Answers : C
5. Signs of Inflammation
Q5. Which mediator is primarily responsible for pain?
A. Histamine
B. Bradykinin
C. Serotonin
D. Albumin
Resolution Result Verified Answers : B
Rationale: Bradykinin stimulates pain receptors.
6. Immune System
Q6. Which immunity provides memory?
A. Innate
B. Adaptive
C. Passive
, D. Non-specific
Resolution Result Verified Answers : B
7. Hypersensitivity
Q7. Anaphylaxis is classified as which type?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Resolution Result Verified Answers : A
Rationale: IgE-mediated immediate reaction.
8. Type II Hypersensitivity
Q8. Hemolytic anemia is an example of:
A. Immune complex disease
B. Cytotoxic antibody reaction
C. Delayed T-cell response
D. IgE reaction
Resolution Result Verified Answers : B
9. Electrolytes
Q9. Which ECG change is associated with hyperkalemia?
A. U waves
B. Flattened T waves
C. Peaked T waves
D. ST depression
Resolution Result Verified Answers : C
10. Sodium Imbalance
