NR507 Midterm Exam: Updated 2024/2025 Advanced Pathophysiology Questions with Verified Correct Answers

NR507 Midterm Exam: Updated 2024/2025 Advanced
Pathophysiology Questions with Verified Correct Answers


1. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with acute kidney injury (AKI)?

• A. Hypokalemia

• B. Hyperkalemia

• C. Hypercalcemia

• D. Hypophosphatemia

Resolution Result Verified Answers : B. Hyperkalemia
Rationale: Reduced renal excretion causes potassium retention in AKI.

2. The hallmark mechanism of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is:

• A. T-cell depletion

• B. Autoantibody production against nuclear antigens

• C. Excess histamine release

• D. Platelet destruction only

Resolution Result Verified Answers : B. Autoantibody production against nuclear antigens
Rationale: ANA and immune-complex deposition drive tissue inflammation in SLE.

3. Diabetic ketoacidosis primarily results from:

• A. Excess insulin

• B. Insulin deficiency

• C. Hypercalcemia

• D. Aldosterone excess

Resolution Result Verified Answers : B. Insulin deficiency
Rationale: Lack of insulin promotes lipolysis and ketone production, causing metabolic acidosis.

4. Which acid-base imbalance is expected in severe vomiting?

, • A. Metabolic acidosis
• B. Respiratory acidosis

• C. Metabolic alkalosis

• D. Respiratory alkalosis

Resolution Result Verified Answers : C. Metabolic alkalosis
Rationale: Loss of gastric hydrochloric acid increases serum bicarbonate.

5. The most common cause of myocardial infarction is:

• A. Pulmonary embolism

• B. Coronary artery occlusion from thrombosis

• C. Pericarditis

• D. Valve prolapse

Resolution Result Verified Answers : B. Coronary artery occlusion from thrombosis.

Here are 150 original NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology–style practice questions with answers and
brief rationales (NCLEX/graduate level). These are designed for study—not actual exam content.



NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology Practice (150 Questions)
Cell Injury, Adaptation, Inflammation

1. Cellular swelling occurs due to failure of: Resolution Result Verified Answers : Na+/K+
pump
Rationale: ATP depletion disrupts ion balance.

2. Hypertrophy refers to:
Resolution Result Verified Answers : Increased
cell size
Rationale: Not increase in number (hyperplasia).

3. Hyperplasia is:
Resolution Result Verified Answers : Increased
cell number
Rationale: Common in hormone-stimulated tissues.

4. Metaplasia is:
Resolution Result Verified Answers : Reversible change of one
cell type to another Rationale: Often due to chronic irritation.

5. Dysplasia indicates:

, Resolution Result Verified Answers : Precancerous
abnormal cell growth Rationale: Disorganized but
reversible early.

6. Apoptosis is:
Resolution Result Verified Answers :
Programmed cell death
Rationale: Controlled, not inflammatory.
7. Necrosis results in:
Resolution Result Verified Answers :
Inflammation
Rationale: Uncontrolled cell death.

8. Main cause of irreversible cell injury:
Resolution Result Verified Answers :
Severe ATP depletion Rationale:
Mitochondrial failure.

9. First step in acute inflammation:
Resolution Result Verified Answers :
Vasodilation
Rationale: Increases blood flow.

10. Histamine is released by:
Resolution Result Verified Answers : Mast cells
Rationale: Triggers vasodilation.



Immune System

11. Adaptive immunity is mediated by:
Resolution Result Verified Answers : B and T
cells
Rationale: Specific immune response.

12. Antibodies are produced by:
Resolution Result Verified Answers : Plasma
cells
Rationale: Differentiated B cells.

13. Autoimmune disease involves:
Resolution Result Verified Answers :
Loss of self-tolerance Rationale:
Immune attacks self.

14. SLE is characterized by: