CPHON Exam Practice
Questions And Correct
Answers (Verified Answers)
Plus Rationale 2026 Q&A|
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1. Which characteristic best distinguishes malignant cells from
normal cells?
A. Increased dependence on growth factors
B. Limited replication potential
C. Uncontrolled proliferation and impaired differentiation
D. Increased susceptibility to apoptosis
Answer: C. Uncontrolled proliferation and impaired differentiation
Malignant cells typically proliferate uncontrollably, evade normal
growth controls, and may demonstrate abnormal or incomplete
differentiation.
2. A child newly diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
is at greatest risk for which complication from leukemic cell
proliferation?
A. Hypercalcemia
B. Bone marrow failure
C. Polycythemia
D. Hyperalbuminemia
,Answer: B. Bone marrow failure
Leukemic blasts crowd the bone marrow, reducing normal production
of red blood cells, platelets, and functional leukocytes.
3. Which laboratory finding is most consistent with anemia in a
child receiving chemotherapy?
A. Hemoglobin 7.2 g/dL
B. Platelet count 350,000/mm³
C. ANC 3,500/mm³
D. Sodium 140 mEq/L
Answer: A. Hemoglobin 7.2 g/dL
Severe reduction in hemoglobin indicates anemia, which may cause
fatigue, pallor, tachycardia, and decreased activity tolerance.
4. Which symptom should the nurse consider a potentially urgent
manifestation of thrombocytopenia?
A. Mild fatigue
B. Petechiae
C. Increased appetite
D. Alopecia
Answer: B. Petechiae
Petechiae are small areas of bleeding beneath the skin and can occur
when platelet counts are significantly reduced.
5. A child receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy has an ANC of
400/mm³. How should the nurse interpret this value?
A. Normal neutrophil function
B. Mild anemia
C. Severe neutropenia
D. Thrombocytosis
Answer: C. Severe neutropenia
,An ANC below 500/mm³ represents severe neutropenia and places
the child at high risk for serious infection.
6. Which assessment finding in a neutropenic child requires the
most immediate attention?
A. Temperature of 38.3°C (100.9°F)
B. Mild alopecia
C. Decreased appetite
D. Taste changes
Answer: A. Temperature of 38.3°C (100.9°F)
Fever in a severely neutropenic child may represent a life-threatening
infection and requires prompt evaluation and treatment.
7. What is the primary purpose of tumor staging?
A. Determine the child's pain tolerance
B. Determine the extent of disease
C. Determine the child's developmental level
D. Determine medication adherence
Answer: B. Determine the extent of disease
Staging describes the extent and distribution of cancer and helps
guide treatment and prognosis.
8. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate for a child with
chemotherapy-induced fatigue?
A. Encourage prolonged bed rest
B. Schedule activities during periods of greatest energy
C. Restrict all physical activity
D. Encourage caffeine throughout the day
Answer: B. Schedule activities during periods of greatest energy
, Energy conservation and individualized activity scheduling can help
children maintain function while managing treatment-related
fatigue.
9. Why are children with cancer particularly vulnerable to infection
during chemotherapy?
A. Chemotherapy permanently destroys all antibodies
B. Chemotherapy can suppress bone marrow and immune function
C. Children cannot develop antibodies
D. Cancer eliminates all normal skin flora
Answer: B. Chemotherapy can suppress bone marrow and immune
function
Chemotherapy can decrease neutrophils and impair cellular and
humoral immune defenses.
10. Which intervention is most appropriate for preventing infection
in a severely neutropenic child?
A. Encourage exposure to sick visitors
B. Perform meticulous hand hygiene
C. Use fresh flowers in the room
D. Permit raw foods without restriction
Answer: B. Perform meticulous hand hygiene
Hand hygiene is one of the most effective measures for preventing
transmission of infection.
11. Which cancer is the most common malignancy in children?
A. Osteosarcoma
B. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
C. Hodgkin lymphoma
D. Neuroblastoma
Answer: B. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Questions And Correct
Answers (Verified Answers)
Plus Rationale 2026 Q&A|
Instant Download Pdf
1. Which characteristic best distinguishes malignant cells from
normal cells?
A. Increased dependence on growth factors
B. Limited replication potential
C. Uncontrolled proliferation and impaired differentiation
D. Increased susceptibility to apoptosis
Answer: C. Uncontrolled proliferation and impaired differentiation
Malignant cells typically proliferate uncontrollably, evade normal
growth controls, and may demonstrate abnormal or incomplete
differentiation.
2. A child newly diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
is at greatest risk for which complication from leukemic cell
proliferation?
A. Hypercalcemia
B. Bone marrow failure
C. Polycythemia
D. Hyperalbuminemia
,Answer: B. Bone marrow failure
Leukemic blasts crowd the bone marrow, reducing normal production
of red blood cells, platelets, and functional leukocytes.
3. Which laboratory finding is most consistent with anemia in a
child receiving chemotherapy?
A. Hemoglobin 7.2 g/dL
B. Platelet count 350,000/mm³
C. ANC 3,500/mm³
D. Sodium 140 mEq/L
Answer: A. Hemoglobin 7.2 g/dL
Severe reduction in hemoglobin indicates anemia, which may cause
fatigue, pallor, tachycardia, and decreased activity tolerance.
4. Which symptom should the nurse consider a potentially urgent
manifestation of thrombocytopenia?
A. Mild fatigue
B. Petechiae
C. Increased appetite
D. Alopecia
Answer: B. Petechiae
Petechiae are small areas of bleeding beneath the skin and can occur
when platelet counts are significantly reduced.
5. A child receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy has an ANC of
400/mm³. How should the nurse interpret this value?
A. Normal neutrophil function
B. Mild anemia
C. Severe neutropenia
D. Thrombocytosis
Answer: C. Severe neutropenia
,An ANC below 500/mm³ represents severe neutropenia and places
the child at high risk for serious infection.
6. Which assessment finding in a neutropenic child requires the
most immediate attention?
A. Temperature of 38.3°C (100.9°F)
B. Mild alopecia
C. Decreased appetite
D. Taste changes
Answer: A. Temperature of 38.3°C (100.9°F)
Fever in a severely neutropenic child may represent a life-threatening
infection and requires prompt evaluation and treatment.
7. What is the primary purpose of tumor staging?
A. Determine the child's pain tolerance
B. Determine the extent of disease
C. Determine the child's developmental level
D. Determine medication adherence
Answer: B. Determine the extent of disease
Staging describes the extent and distribution of cancer and helps
guide treatment and prognosis.
8. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate for a child with
chemotherapy-induced fatigue?
A. Encourage prolonged bed rest
B. Schedule activities during periods of greatest energy
C. Restrict all physical activity
D. Encourage caffeine throughout the day
Answer: B. Schedule activities during periods of greatest energy
, Energy conservation and individualized activity scheduling can help
children maintain function while managing treatment-related
fatigue.
9. Why are children with cancer particularly vulnerable to infection
during chemotherapy?
A. Chemotherapy permanently destroys all antibodies
B. Chemotherapy can suppress bone marrow and immune function
C. Children cannot develop antibodies
D. Cancer eliminates all normal skin flora
Answer: B. Chemotherapy can suppress bone marrow and immune
function
Chemotherapy can decrease neutrophils and impair cellular and
humoral immune defenses.
10. Which intervention is most appropriate for preventing infection
in a severely neutropenic child?
A. Encourage exposure to sick visitors
B. Perform meticulous hand hygiene
C. Use fresh flowers in the room
D. Permit raw foods without restriction
Answer: B. Perform meticulous hand hygiene
Hand hygiene is one of the most effective measures for preventing
transmission of infection.
11. Which cancer is the most common malignancy in children?
A. Osteosarcoma
B. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
C. Hodgkin lymphoma
D. Neuroblastoma
Answer: B. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
