SOC 2700 Exam -Review Prep Questions
Well Answered 2026-2027 Updated.
Left Realism - Answer Examines the role that capitalism plays in society, with a specific focus
on predatory street crime
- Tough on crime policies are a crisis
- Crime prevention and criminal justice reform
Cultural Criminology - Answer Jeff Ferrel
Culture: values, beliefs, symbolic meanings shared by members of a social system
Social actors: perpetrators, police, victims, etc.
Culture as the symbolic environment occupied by individuals and groups and involves threads of
collective meaning that wind in and around everyday troubles of social actors
Built on participant observation, interviews, ethnographies, etc.
Trespass, Trash and Trains - Answer Trespassing including skateboarding, bicycling, and
drinking limits human possibility and confines us to rules of a space.
Social structures are not the same as they used to be, more privatization.
Transgression: Not just violating rules, but crossing barriers e.g. Ghandi.
Spark of creativity: challenging what limits us
Symbolic Interactionism - Answer Micro level perspective.
Roots of labelling theory.
Society is given meaning through our interactions, if something doesn't match our meanings we
consider it deviant.
The looking glass self: How we believe other people see us.
Stimulus -> Interpretation -> Response
Labelling Theory - Answer Primary deviance: A deviant act that doesn't really affect society &
without societal reaction would likely remain in this stage.
Secondary deviance: Individuals internalize labels and is affects life, opportunities, and sense of
self.
Self-fulfilling prophecy: Person is labelled as deviant and accepts it/takes on characteristics.
Master Status: Trait that blinds us from all other characteristics (E.g. only seeing age, race, etc.)
Types of Sitgma - Answer Discreditable: Something hidden because it's considered deviant e.g.
tattoos.
, Discredited: Can't be hidden.
Courtesy: Negative stigma as a result of people/surroundings.
Being Sane in Insane Places - Answer Sane people admitted into mental institutions and
behaved normally, still dehumanized and reinforced with deviant labels
Austin Turk Authorities and Subjects - Answer Institutional Authority: Those with power hold
their values and enforce them in the laws.
Subjects: Subjected to the laws of the powerful.
Thorsten Sellen Culture Conflict - Answer Conduct norms: Rules that are "the norm".
Primary conflict: Two cultures conflict in which is ruling e.g. immigrants.
Secondary conflict: Smaller culture groups living in a big culture e.g. code of the streets.
George Vold Group Conflict - Answer A group puts forward their interests and will come into
conflict with other groups (e.g. different views of politics).
More powerful groups criminalize undesirable behaviour and conflict.
Richard Quinney Social Reality of Crime - Answer Agents of formal control apply labels.
Crime is the product of legal definitions constructed through the exercise of power
Ban the box - Answer Persuading employers to remove from their hiring applications the
check box that asks if applicants have a criminal record.
Expanding the prison populations need jobs after.
White people with criminal records more likely to be called back then black people without
records.
Labelling Variables - Answer Dependent variable: Attempts to explain why certain behaviour is
socially wrong and certain people are selections for stigmatization and criminalization.
Independent variable: Hypothesizes that discrediting labels cause continuation and escalation of
the criminal behaviour.
Labels - Answer Unintended consequence of labelling person becomes what the sanctioning
process is meant to prevent.
When given a label by one with power, individuals have little power to desist.
Represented in the books The Outsiders and The other Side.
Many outside factors included, hard to focus just on the label therefore little empirical evidence
Well Answered 2026-2027 Updated.
Left Realism - Answer Examines the role that capitalism plays in society, with a specific focus
on predatory street crime
- Tough on crime policies are a crisis
- Crime prevention and criminal justice reform
Cultural Criminology - Answer Jeff Ferrel
Culture: values, beliefs, symbolic meanings shared by members of a social system
Social actors: perpetrators, police, victims, etc.
Culture as the symbolic environment occupied by individuals and groups and involves threads of
collective meaning that wind in and around everyday troubles of social actors
Built on participant observation, interviews, ethnographies, etc.
Trespass, Trash and Trains - Answer Trespassing including skateboarding, bicycling, and
drinking limits human possibility and confines us to rules of a space.
Social structures are not the same as they used to be, more privatization.
Transgression: Not just violating rules, but crossing barriers e.g. Ghandi.
Spark of creativity: challenging what limits us
Symbolic Interactionism - Answer Micro level perspective.
Roots of labelling theory.
Society is given meaning through our interactions, if something doesn't match our meanings we
consider it deviant.
The looking glass self: How we believe other people see us.
Stimulus -> Interpretation -> Response
Labelling Theory - Answer Primary deviance: A deviant act that doesn't really affect society &
without societal reaction would likely remain in this stage.
Secondary deviance: Individuals internalize labels and is affects life, opportunities, and sense of
self.
Self-fulfilling prophecy: Person is labelled as deviant and accepts it/takes on characteristics.
Master Status: Trait that blinds us from all other characteristics (E.g. only seeing age, race, etc.)
Types of Sitgma - Answer Discreditable: Something hidden because it's considered deviant e.g.
tattoos.
, Discredited: Can't be hidden.
Courtesy: Negative stigma as a result of people/surroundings.
Being Sane in Insane Places - Answer Sane people admitted into mental institutions and
behaved normally, still dehumanized and reinforced with deviant labels
Austin Turk Authorities and Subjects - Answer Institutional Authority: Those with power hold
their values and enforce them in the laws.
Subjects: Subjected to the laws of the powerful.
Thorsten Sellen Culture Conflict - Answer Conduct norms: Rules that are "the norm".
Primary conflict: Two cultures conflict in which is ruling e.g. immigrants.
Secondary conflict: Smaller culture groups living in a big culture e.g. code of the streets.
George Vold Group Conflict - Answer A group puts forward their interests and will come into
conflict with other groups (e.g. different views of politics).
More powerful groups criminalize undesirable behaviour and conflict.
Richard Quinney Social Reality of Crime - Answer Agents of formal control apply labels.
Crime is the product of legal definitions constructed through the exercise of power
Ban the box - Answer Persuading employers to remove from their hiring applications the
check box that asks if applicants have a criminal record.
Expanding the prison populations need jobs after.
White people with criminal records more likely to be called back then black people without
records.
Labelling Variables - Answer Dependent variable: Attempts to explain why certain behaviour is
socially wrong and certain people are selections for stigmatization and criminalization.
Independent variable: Hypothesizes that discrediting labels cause continuation and escalation of
the criminal behaviour.
Labels - Answer Unintended consequence of labelling person becomes what the sanctioning
process is meant to prevent.
When given a label by one with power, individuals have little power to desist.
Represented in the books The Outsiders and The other Side.
Many outside factors included, hard to focus just on the label therefore little empirical evidence
