HHP 1300 Fundamentals of Human Physiology Exam 2 |
University of Iowa | UPDATED Questions with 100%
Verified Answers
Q1: Neurons
A: a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system
Q2: Neuroglia
A: non-conducting cells that support and protect neurons
Q3: types of neuroglia
A: Schwann cells
astrocytes
oligodendrocytes
microglia
ependymal cells
Q4: Schwann cells
A: produce myelin in PNS
Q5: Oligodendrocytes
A: produce myelin in CNS
Q6: Astrocytes
A: Provide structural and metabolic support for neurons
Q7: Microglia
A: Act as phagocytes, eating damaged cells and bacteria, act as the brains immune system
Q8: ependymal cells
A: produce cerebrospinal fluid
Q9: Neuron Regeneration in the PNS
A: 1. Distal portion of nerve degenerates and is phagocytosed
2. Remaining Schwann cells provide guiding sheath for growing axon
3. Reattaches to former site
4. Former connection re-established
,Q10: Dendrites
A: Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information (input zone)
Q11: Cell body
A: Largest part of a typical neuron; contains the nucleus and much of the cytoplasm
Q12: axonal hillock
A: Area that branches off the cell body and attaches to the axon
Q13: Axon
A: A threadlike extension of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body
Q14: axon terminal
A: The endpoint of a neuron where neurotransmitters are stored
Q15: Central Nervous System (CNS)
A: Brain and spinal cord
Integration and command center
Q16: peripheral nervous system
A: the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the
body
Contain afferent and efferent neurons
Q17: Afferent neurons
A: carry sensory information to the CNS
Q18: Efferent neurons
A: neurons that carry information from the CNS to the rest of the body
Targets: organs, muscles, glands
Q19: Interneurons
, A: Neurons that internally communicate and intervene between the sensory inputs and
motor outputs
Q20: membrane potential
A: Unequal distribution of ions between intracellular and extracellular fluid generates an
overall difference in charge across the membrane
Forms the basis of neural communication and muscle contraction
Q21: sodium-potassium pump
A: a carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport 3 Na+ ions out of a cell and 2 K+ ions
into the cell
forms unequal charge for membrane potential
Q22: resting membrane potential value
A: 70 mV
Q23: Depolarization
A: less negative than resting membrane potential
moving closer to 0mV (more positive)
due to Na+ ion channels opening and entering cell
Q24: Polarization
A: membrane potential other than 0mV
Q25: Repolarization
A: Return of the cell to resting potential after a change
caused by K+ flowing out of cell
Q26: Hyperpolarization
A: more negative than resting membrane potential
Ex: -100mv
Q27: Overshoot
A: membrane potential value becomes positive
Q28: graded potential
A: a shift in the electrical charge in a tiny area of a neuron
magnitude varies with stimulus strength
If depolarization occurs, an action potential is triggered
Q29: summation
University of Iowa | UPDATED Questions with 100%
Verified Answers
Q1: Neurons
A: a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system
Q2: Neuroglia
A: non-conducting cells that support and protect neurons
Q3: types of neuroglia
A: Schwann cells
astrocytes
oligodendrocytes
microglia
ependymal cells
Q4: Schwann cells
A: produce myelin in PNS
Q5: Oligodendrocytes
A: produce myelin in CNS
Q6: Astrocytes
A: Provide structural and metabolic support for neurons
Q7: Microglia
A: Act as phagocytes, eating damaged cells and bacteria, act as the brains immune system
Q8: ependymal cells
A: produce cerebrospinal fluid
Q9: Neuron Regeneration in the PNS
A: 1. Distal portion of nerve degenerates and is phagocytosed
2. Remaining Schwann cells provide guiding sheath for growing axon
3. Reattaches to former site
4. Former connection re-established
,Q10: Dendrites
A: Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information (input zone)
Q11: Cell body
A: Largest part of a typical neuron; contains the nucleus and much of the cytoplasm
Q12: axonal hillock
A: Area that branches off the cell body and attaches to the axon
Q13: Axon
A: A threadlike extension of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body
Q14: axon terminal
A: The endpoint of a neuron where neurotransmitters are stored
Q15: Central Nervous System (CNS)
A: Brain and spinal cord
Integration and command center
Q16: peripheral nervous system
A: the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the
body
Contain afferent and efferent neurons
Q17: Afferent neurons
A: carry sensory information to the CNS
Q18: Efferent neurons
A: neurons that carry information from the CNS to the rest of the body
Targets: organs, muscles, glands
Q19: Interneurons
, A: Neurons that internally communicate and intervene between the sensory inputs and
motor outputs
Q20: membrane potential
A: Unequal distribution of ions between intracellular and extracellular fluid generates an
overall difference in charge across the membrane
Forms the basis of neural communication and muscle contraction
Q21: sodium-potassium pump
A: a carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport 3 Na+ ions out of a cell and 2 K+ ions
into the cell
forms unequal charge for membrane potential
Q22: resting membrane potential value
A: 70 mV
Q23: Depolarization
A: less negative than resting membrane potential
moving closer to 0mV (more positive)
due to Na+ ion channels opening and entering cell
Q24: Polarization
A: membrane potential other than 0mV
Q25: Repolarization
A: Return of the cell to resting potential after a change
caused by K+ flowing out of cell
Q26: Hyperpolarization
A: more negative than resting membrane potential
Ex: -100mv
Q27: Overshoot
A: membrane potential value becomes positive
Q28: graded potential
A: a shift in the electrical charge in a tiny area of a neuron
magnitude varies with stimulus strength
If depolarization occurs, an action potential is triggered
Q29: summation
