SOC322 MIDTERM STUDY UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Immigration Act 1906
Answer:
- passed to stop 'undesireable immigrants'
- expanded the list of 'prohibited immigrants'
- allowed deportation of immigrants within 2 (then 3 then 5) years of landing for becoming a public
charge (dependent on the state), insanity, and disease, handicap, bedcoming an inmate of a prison or
hospital, infirmity, committing crimes of 'moral turpitude' (very tied to religion, those not from british
descent seen as morally inferior - we want to import individuals who contribute to the economy
- deportations increased dramatically
Question:
2. changes in Canada from 1908-1910
Answer:
- Chinese Immigration Act amneded to increase those under the head tax and expand list of prohibited
persons
- border inspection service created at US-Canada border
- continuous journey rule imposed (anyone coming to Canada had to come from direct passage, which
was easy from Europe and used to restrict those from Indian areas)
- New Act allowed Canada to prohibit immigrants belonging to any race deemed unsuitable and
expanded deportation grounds to include immortality and political offences
- New Act introduced concept of 'domicile'
- First Caribeean Domestic Scheme (limiting immigration to settle but allowing to come for certain
work for limited amount of time)
Question:
3. point system in Canada (1967)
Answer:
points system (people to be judged on background like age/education/experience rather than
geographic location but wasn't completely fair since Canadian consultants and embassys were
unevenly distributed across nations)
Question:
4. the vertical mosiac
Answer:
refers to the hierarchical relationship between Canada's many cultural groups
Question:
5. multiculturalism meaning
,Answer:
1) ideology
2) can be observed empirically
3) found in policies and laws (i.e. the 1982 Charter and the 1986 Employment Equity Act) defined as a
celebration and embrace of racial, religious, and cultural difference
- theoretically, multicultural practice would involve the fair and equitable treatment of all, whether by
individuals, groups, or institutions - regardless of background, Canadian citizens, residents, and
visitors could expect to go about their lives free from the threat of discrimination
Question:
6. democratic racism
Answer:
an ideology that permits and sustains the ability to justify the maintaining of two appreantly
conflicting values (i.e. democracy/equality and racism)
1) one set of values consists of a commitment to a democratic society motivated by egalitarian values
of fairness, justice, and equality
2) conflicting with these liberal values are attitudes and behaviours inclduing negative feelings about
people of colour (and Indigenous peoples), which have the potential for differential treatment or
discrimination against them
Question:
7. individual racism
Answer:
the ideology, ideas, perceptions, and attitudes that individuals have of others based on race, and which
are employed in the racialization, maginalizationm and the discriminatory practices or behaviours
toward racialized people
- discrimination is the action resulting from racism
- in many ways, individuals' racism is nurtured by, find expression in, or contested through their
membership in the prevailing culture of the groups and communities in which they participate or with
which they are affiliated
Question:
8. institutional racism
Answer:
the predominant culture of society producing the pracitces and treatments experienced by individuals
based on race - resulting in the privileges, advantages or disadvantages experienced by individuals
- institutions operate with regulations, policies, and rules that shape their culture or from which their
culture emerge - which, in turn, is manifested in the priograms and pracitces of the institutions
Question:
9. societal racism
Answer:
largely related to the laws, legislations, and policies of the State, which in turn structure the norms,
morals, customs and traditions - i.e. the all-pervasive culture
- which produce, regulate and normalize hierarchies, privileges, marginalization, oppression and
racialization of members of society based on race
Question:
10. systemic racism
, Answer:
keeps in place the social construction of racial identities of inviduals, their location on the hierarchical
structure, their differential life conditions due to equitable and inequitable opporutnities, and the
norms, values, expecations and ethics (i.e. the culture of whiteness) on which the society is structured
and by which members everyone in the society are measured
- historically, people who were not white,e or were perceived as unable to 'fit in' or conform to the
norms, values, ethics and customs of whiteness or white people (i.e. unassimilable), tended to be
unwelcomed immigrants - or, if living in the country were forcibly assimilated and/or segregated
through placement in schools and/or welfare agencies
Question:
11. levels of racism
Answer:
Question:
12. what does it mean when something is socially constructed?
Answer:
it does not exist outside of our social reality (i.e. race, gender, class)
- social constructs define meanings, notions, or connotations that are assigned to objects and events in
the environment and to people's notions of their relationships to and interactions with these objects
- a social construct is an idea or notion that appears to be natural and obvious to p[people who accept it
but may or mya not represent reality, so it remains largely an invention or artifice of society
Question:
13. oppression
Answer:
the process by which power is employed to create and sustain difference
- power consists of the abilioty to set the terms of discourse and action and impose a particular type of
order
- systematic relations of power contribute to the privileging of an identifiable dominant group relative
to the subordiante group
Question:
14. prejudice vs discrimination
Answer:
prejudice - an attitudinal response to difference discrimination - the behavioural outcome of prejudice.
it refers to behaviour and actions that disadvantage some groups relative to others
Question:
15. 4 main ways of constructing difference
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Immigration Act 1906
Answer:
- passed to stop 'undesireable immigrants'
- expanded the list of 'prohibited immigrants'
- allowed deportation of immigrants within 2 (then 3 then 5) years of landing for becoming a public
charge (dependent on the state), insanity, and disease, handicap, bedcoming an inmate of a prison or
hospital, infirmity, committing crimes of 'moral turpitude' (very tied to religion, those not from british
descent seen as morally inferior - we want to import individuals who contribute to the economy
- deportations increased dramatically
Question:
2. changes in Canada from 1908-1910
Answer:
- Chinese Immigration Act amneded to increase those under the head tax and expand list of prohibited
persons
- border inspection service created at US-Canada border
- continuous journey rule imposed (anyone coming to Canada had to come from direct passage, which
was easy from Europe and used to restrict those from Indian areas)
- New Act allowed Canada to prohibit immigrants belonging to any race deemed unsuitable and
expanded deportation grounds to include immortality and political offences
- New Act introduced concept of 'domicile'
- First Caribeean Domestic Scheme (limiting immigration to settle but allowing to come for certain
work for limited amount of time)
Question:
3. point system in Canada (1967)
Answer:
points system (people to be judged on background like age/education/experience rather than
geographic location but wasn't completely fair since Canadian consultants and embassys were
unevenly distributed across nations)
Question:
4. the vertical mosiac
Answer:
refers to the hierarchical relationship between Canada's many cultural groups
Question:
5. multiculturalism meaning
,Answer:
1) ideology
2) can be observed empirically
3) found in policies and laws (i.e. the 1982 Charter and the 1986 Employment Equity Act) defined as a
celebration and embrace of racial, religious, and cultural difference
- theoretically, multicultural practice would involve the fair and equitable treatment of all, whether by
individuals, groups, or institutions - regardless of background, Canadian citizens, residents, and
visitors could expect to go about their lives free from the threat of discrimination
Question:
6. democratic racism
Answer:
an ideology that permits and sustains the ability to justify the maintaining of two appreantly
conflicting values (i.e. democracy/equality and racism)
1) one set of values consists of a commitment to a democratic society motivated by egalitarian values
of fairness, justice, and equality
2) conflicting with these liberal values are attitudes and behaviours inclduing negative feelings about
people of colour (and Indigenous peoples), which have the potential for differential treatment or
discrimination against them
Question:
7. individual racism
Answer:
the ideology, ideas, perceptions, and attitudes that individuals have of others based on race, and which
are employed in the racialization, maginalizationm and the discriminatory practices or behaviours
toward racialized people
- discrimination is the action resulting from racism
- in many ways, individuals' racism is nurtured by, find expression in, or contested through their
membership in the prevailing culture of the groups and communities in which they participate or with
which they are affiliated
Question:
8. institutional racism
Answer:
the predominant culture of society producing the pracitces and treatments experienced by individuals
based on race - resulting in the privileges, advantages or disadvantages experienced by individuals
- institutions operate with regulations, policies, and rules that shape their culture or from which their
culture emerge - which, in turn, is manifested in the priograms and pracitces of the institutions
Question:
9. societal racism
Answer:
largely related to the laws, legislations, and policies of the State, which in turn structure the norms,
morals, customs and traditions - i.e. the all-pervasive culture
- which produce, regulate and normalize hierarchies, privileges, marginalization, oppression and
racialization of members of society based on race
Question:
10. systemic racism
, Answer:
keeps in place the social construction of racial identities of inviduals, their location on the hierarchical
structure, their differential life conditions due to equitable and inequitable opporutnities, and the
norms, values, expecations and ethics (i.e. the culture of whiteness) on which the society is structured
and by which members everyone in the society are measured
- historically, people who were not white,e or were perceived as unable to 'fit in' or conform to the
norms, values, ethics and customs of whiteness or white people (i.e. unassimilable), tended to be
unwelcomed immigrants - or, if living in the country were forcibly assimilated and/or segregated
through placement in schools and/or welfare agencies
Question:
11. levels of racism
Answer:
Question:
12. what does it mean when something is socially constructed?
Answer:
it does not exist outside of our social reality (i.e. race, gender, class)
- social constructs define meanings, notions, or connotations that are assigned to objects and events in
the environment and to people's notions of their relationships to and interactions with these objects
- a social construct is an idea or notion that appears to be natural and obvious to p[people who accept it
but may or mya not represent reality, so it remains largely an invention or artifice of society
Question:
13. oppression
Answer:
the process by which power is employed to create and sustain difference
- power consists of the abilioty to set the terms of discourse and action and impose a particular type of
order
- systematic relations of power contribute to the privileging of an identifiable dominant group relative
to the subordiante group
Question:
14. prejudice vs discrimination
Answer:
prejudice - an attitudinal response to difference discrimination - the behavioural outcome of prejudice.
it refers to behaviour and actions that disadvantage some groups relative to others
Question:
15. 4 main ways of constructing difference
