TEST BANK
Goodman and Gilman's The
Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
14th Edition
Author(s)Laurence Brunton; Bjorn Knollmann
Print ISBN: 9781264258079
,Question 1
A research team is investigating a traditional medicinal plant suspected
to contain a compound with antibacterial activity. Which approach best
represents the early use of medicinal plants in drug discovery?
A. Selecting the plant solely because it has a distinctive chemical
structure
B. Testing plant-derived preparations for biological activity and isolating
,active constituents
C. Designing a receptor antagonist before identifying any biological
activity
D. Using molecular docking to determine the plant's therapeutic effect
without laboratory testing
Correct Answer:
B. Testing plant-derived preparations for biological activity and isolating
active constituents
Rationale:
B is correct because natural products have historically served as starting
points for drug discovery through biological testing followed by
identification and isolation of active constituents. This approach
connects observed biological activity with specific chemical entities.
A is incorrect because a distinctive structure alone does not establish
biological activity.
C is incorrect because receptor-based design generally requires
knowledge of a biological target or mechanism.
D is incorrect because computational predictions do not substitute for
experimental confirmation of biological activity.
Question 2
Researchers isolate several compounds from a medicinal plant. One
fraction repeatedly produces the desired biological effect, whereas the
other fractions do not. Which technique would be most useful for
identifying the active compound?
, A. Bioassay-guided fractionation
B. Randomized clinical trial
C. Therapeutic drug monitoring
D. Population pharmacokinetic analysis
Correct Answer:
A. Bioassay-guided fractionation
Rationale:
A is correct because bioassay-guided fractionation repeatedly separates
plant constituents while testing each fraction for biological activity,
allowing investigators to progressively identify the active molecule.
B is incorrect because clinical trials evaluate treatments in humans after
sufficient preclinical development rather than isolate active plant
constituents.
C is incorrect because therapeutic drug monitoring measures
concentrations of drugs used clinically.
D is incorrect because population pharmacokinetics characterizes drug
disposition across groups of patients.
Question 3
During lead optimization, investigators modify a functional group on a
lead compound and observe a substantial reduction in biological
activity. What information does this finding primarily contribute?
A. Evidence for a structure–activity relationship
B. Proof that the compound has reached clinical approval
C. Evidence that the compound has favorable oral bioavailability
D. Confirmation that the compound is free of adverse effects
Goodman and Gilman's The
Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
14th Edition
Author(s)Laurence Brunton; Bjorn Knollmann
Print ISBN: 9781264258079
,Question 1
A research team is investigating a traditional medicinal plant suspected
to contain a compound with antibacterial activity. Which approach best
represents the early use of medicinal plants in drug discovery?
A. Selecting the plant solely because it has a distinctive chemical
structure
B. Testing plant-derived preparations for biological activity and isolating
,active constituents
C. Designing a receptor antagonist before identifying any biological
activity
D. Using molecular docking to determine the plant's therapeutic effect
without laboratory testing
Correct Answer:
B. Testing plant-derived preparations for biological activity and isolating
active constituents
Rationale:
B is correct because natural products have historically served as starting
points for drug discovery through biological testing followed by
identification and isolation of active constituents. This approach
connects observed biological activity with specific chemical entities.
A is incorrect because a distinctive structure alone does not establish
biological activity.
C is incorrect because receptor-based design generally requires
knowledge of a biological target or mechanism.
D is incorrect because computational predictions do not substitute for
experimental confirmation of biological activity.
Question 2
Researchers isolate several compounds from a medicinal plant. One
fraction repeatedly produces the desired biological effect, whereas the
other fractions do not. Which technique would be most useful for
identifying the active compound?
, A. Bioassay-guided fractionation
B. Randomized clinical trial
C. Therapeutic drug monitoring
D. Population pharmacokinetic analysis
Correct Answer:
A. Bioassay-guided fractionation
Rationale:
A is correct because bioassay-guided fractionation repeatedly separates
plant constituents while testing each fraction for biological activity,
allowing investigators to progressively identify the active molecule.
B is incorrect because clinical trials evaluate treatments in humans after
sufficient preclinical development rather than isolate active plant
constituents.
C is incorrect because therapeutic drug monitoring measures
concentrations of drugs used clinically.
D is incorrect because population pharmacokinetics characterizes drug
disposition across groups of patients.
Question 3
During lead optimization, investigators modify a functional group on a
lead compound and observe a substantial reduction in biological
activity. What information does this finding primarily contribute?
A. Evidence for a structure–activity relationship
B. Proof that the compound has reached clinical approval
C. Evidence that the compound has favorable oral bioavailability
D. Confirmation that the compound is free of adverse effects
