BMS 127 MT1 COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS - UPDATED
VERSION 2026/2027
1. What is microbiology?
ANSWER : Microbiology is the study of microorganisms and their
activities.
2. What are microorganisms?
ANSWER : Microorganisms are microscopic living organisms or
infectious agents that require magnification for observation.
3. Name the major groups of microorganisms.
ANSWER : Bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, algae, and viruses.
4. What is bacteriology?
ANSWER : Bacteriology is the study of bacteria.
5. What is virology?
ANSWER : Virology is the study of viruses.
6. What is mycology?
ANSWER : Mycology is the study of fungi.
7. What is parasitology?
ANSWER : Parasitology is the study of parasites.
8. What is a prokaryotic cell?
ANSWER : A prokaryotic cell is a cell without a membrane-bound
nucleus.
9. What is a eukaryotic cell?
ANSWER : A eukaryotic cell is a cell containing a membrane-bound
nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
,10. Give one example of a prokaryote.
ANSWER : Escherichia coli is a prokaryote.
11. Give one example of a eukaryotic microorganism.
ANSWER : Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a eukaryotic
microorganism.
12. What is a bacterium?
ANSWER : A bacterium is a single-celled prokaryotic
microorganism.
13. What is a bacterial species?
ANSWER : A bacterial species is a group of closely related bacteria
sharing characteristic genetic and phenotypic features.
14. What is the smallest unit of biological organization?
ANSWER : The cell is the basic unit of life.
15. What is the cell membrane?
ANSWER : The cell membrane is a selectively permeable barrier
surrounding the cell.
16. What is the main function of the bacterial cell membrane?
ANSWER : It regulates movement of substances into and out of the
cell and supports energy production.
17. What is the cytoplasm?
ANSWER : Cytoplasm is the material inside a cell surrounding the
genetic material and cellular structures.
18. What is bacterial cytosol?
ANSWER : Cytosol is the fluid portion of bacterial cytoplasm.
19. What is the bacterial chromosome?
ANSWER : The bacterial chromosome is the main DNA molecule
carrying essential genetic information.
20. Where is bacterial DNA located?
ANSWER : Bacterial DNA is located mainly in the nucleoid region.
21. What is a nucleoid?
ANSWER : The nucleoid is the region containing the bacterial
chromosome.
, 22. What are plasmids?
ANSWER : Plasmids are small, usually circular DNA molecules that
replicate independently of the bacterial chromosome.
23. What is the function of plasmids?
ANSWER : Plasmids often carry genes providing traits such as
antibiotic resistance.
24. What are ribosomes?
ANSWER : Ribosomes are cellular structures responsible for
protein synthesis.
25. What type of ribosomes do bacteria possess?
ANSWER : Bacteria possess 70S ribosomes.
26. What is a bacterial capsule?
ANSWER : A capsule is an organized external layer surrounding
some bacterial cells.
27. What is the major function of a bacterial capsule?
ANSWER : It helps protect bacteria from environmental conditions
and host defenses.
28. What is a slime layer?
ANSWER : A slime layer is a loosely organized extracellular
polysaccharide layer surrounding some bacteria.
29. What is a biofilm?
ANSWER : A biofilm is a structured community of microorganisms
attached to a surface and enclosed in extracellular material.
30. Why are biofilms important medically?
ANSWER : Biofilms often increase microbial persistence and
resistance to antimicrobial treatment.
31. What is a bacterial cell wall?
ANSWER : The bacterial cell wall is a rigid structure surrounding
the cell membrane that helps maintain cell shape.
32. What is peptidoglycan?
ANSWER : Peptidoglycan is a polymer forming the major structural
component of bacterial cell walls.
33. Which bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer?
ANSWER : Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer.
WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS - UPDATED
VERSION 2026/2027
1. What is microbiology?
ANSWER : Microbiology is the study of microorganisms and their
activities.
2. What are microorganisms?
ANSWER : Microorganisms are microscopic living organisms or
infectious agents that require magnification for observation.
3. Name the major groups of microorganisms.
ANSWER : Bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, algae, and viruses.
4. What is bacteriology?
ANSWER : Bacteriology is the study of bacteria.
5. What is virology?
ANSWER : Virology is the study of viruses.
6. What is mycology?
ANSWER : Mycology is the study of fungi.
7. What is parasitology?
ANSWER : Parasitology is the study of parasites.
8. What is a prokaryotic cell?
ANSWER : A prokaryotic cell is a cell without a membrane-bound
nucleus.
9. What is a eukaryotic cell?
ANSWER : A eukaryotic cell is a cell containing a membrane-bound
nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
,10. Give one example of a prokaryote.
ANSWER : Escherichia coli is a prokaryote.
11. Give one example of a eukaryotic microorganism.
ANSWER : Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a eukaryotic
microorganism.
12. What is a bacterium?
ANSWER : A bacterium is a single-celled prokaryotic
microorganism.
13. What is a bacterial species?
ANSWER : A bacterial species is a group of closely related bacteria
sharing characteristic genetic and phenotypic features.
14. What is the smallest unit of biological organization?
ANSWER : The cell is the basic unit of life.
15. What is the cell membrane?
ANSWER : The cell membrane is a selectively permeable barrier
surrounding the cell.
16. What is the main function of the bacterial cell membrane?
ANSWER : It regulates movement of substances into and out of the
cell and supports energy production.
17. What is the cytoplasm?
ANSWER : Cytoplasm is the material inside a cell surrounding the
genetic material and cellular structures.
18. What is bacterial cytosol?
ANSWER : Cytosol is the fluid portion of bacterial cytoplasm.
19. What is the bacterial chromosome?
ANSWER : The bacterial chromosome is the main DNA molecule
carrying essential genetic information.
20. Where is bacterial DNA located?
ANSWER : Bacterial DNA is located mainly in the nucleoid region.
21. What is a nucleoid?
ANSWER : The nucleoid is the region containing the bacterial
chromosome.
, 22. What are plasmids?
ANSWER : Plasmids are small, usually circular DNA molecules that
replicate independently of the bacterial chromosome.
23. What is the function of plasmids?
ANSWER : Plasmids often carry genes providing traits such as
antibiotic resistance.
24. What are ribosomes?
ANSWER : Ribosomes are cellular structures responsible for
protein synthesis.
25. What type of ribosomes do bacteria possess?
ANSWER : Bacteria possess 70S ribosomes.
26. What is a bacterial capsule?
ANSWER : A capsule is an organized external layer surrounding
some bacterial cells.
27. What is the major function of a bacterial capsule?
ANSWER : It helps protect bacteria from environmental conditions
and host defenses.
28. What is a slime layer?
ANSWER : A slime layer is a loosely organized extracellular
polysaccharide layer surrounding some bacteria.
29. What is a biofilm?
ANSWER : A biofilm is a structured community of microorganisms
attached to a surface and enclosed in extracellular material.
30. Why are biofilms important medically?
ANSWER : Biofilms often increase microbial persistence and
resistance to antimicrobial treatment.
31. What is a bacterial cell wall?
ANSWER : The bacterial cell wall is a rigid structure surrounding
the cell membrane that helps maintain cell shape.
32. What is peptidoglycan?
ANSWER : Peptidoglycan is a polymer forming the major structural
component of bacterial cell walls.
33. Which bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer?
ANSWER : Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer.
