TEST BANK
Goodman and Gilman's The
Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
14th Edition
Author(s)Laurence Brunton; Bjorn Knollmann
Print ISBN: 9781264258079
,Question 1
A research team isolates a compound from a medicinal plant after
observing that an extract produces a reproducible physiological effect in
laboratory animals. At this stage, the researchers have not identified the
molecular target. Which feature best characterizes this approach to
drug discovery?
,A. Target-based discovery
B. Phenotype-driven discovery
C. Structure-based drug design
D. Computer-assisted de novo synthesis
Correct Answer:
B. Phenotype-driven discovery
Rationale:
B is correct because the compound was identified from an observed
biological effect before a specific molecular target was established.
Historically, many pharmacologically active natural products were
identified through observed effects of plants or their constituents rather
than through knowledge of a molecular target.
A is incorrect because target-based discovery begins with a defined
molecular target and an assay designed around that target.
C is incorrect because structure-based drug design generally depends
on structural information about the biological target.
D is incorrect because de novo computational design is a modern
design strategy rather than the approach described in this scenario.
Question 2
A medicinal chemist explains that many modern therapeutic agents are
better described as "invented" rather than simply "discovered." Which
observation best supports this statement?
A. Modern drugs are always derived from medicinal plants.
B. Most modern drugs are selected without chemical modification once
biological activity is identified.
, C. Drug candidates are often deliberately designed and repeatedly
optimized for potency, selectivity, and drug-like properties.
D. Drug discovery no longer requires experimental testing.
Correct Answer:
C. Drug candidates are often deliberately designed and repeatedly
optimized for potency, selectivity, and drug-like properties.
Rationale:
C is correct because contemporary drug discovery frequently involves
iterative chemical design and optimization rather than simply finding a
naturally occurring molecule and using it unchanged.
A is incorrect because natural products are only one source of
therapeutic agents.
B is incorrect because identified compounds commonly undergo
substantial optimization.
D is incorrect because computational predictions must be tested
experimentally.
Question 3
A pharmaceutical laboratory wants to discover compounds that reverse
an abnormal cellular phenotype associated with a disease, but the
investigators do not yet know which protein causes the phenotype.
Which strategy is most appropriate?
A. Phenotypic screening
B. Structure-based docking against a confirmed receptor
C. Competitive binding against a purified enzyme target
D. Sequence comparison of the disease gene with unrelated proteins
Goodman and Gilman's The
Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
14th Edition
Author(s)Laurence Brunton; Bjorn Knollmann
Print ISBN: 9781264258079
,Question 1
A research team isolates a compound from a medicinal plant after
observing that an extract produces a reproducible physiological effect in
laboratory animals. At this stage, the researchers have not identified the
molecular target. Which feature best characterizes this approach to
drug discovery?
,A. Target-based discovery
B. Phenotype-driven discovery
C. Structure-based drug design
D. Computer-assisted de novo synthesis
Correct Answer:
B. Phenotype-driven discovery
Rationale:
B is correct because the compound was identified from an observed
biological effect before a specific molecular target was established.
Historically, many pharmacologically active natural products were
identified through observed effects of plants or their constituents rather
than through knowledge of a molecular target.
A is incorrect because target-based discovery begins with a defined
molecular target and an assay designed around that target.
C is incorrect because structure-based drug design generally depends
on structural information about the biological target.
D is incorrect because de novo computational design is a modern
design strategy rather than the approach described in this scenario.
Question 2
A medicinal chemist explains that many modern therapeutic agents are
better described as "invented" rather than simply "discovered." Which
observation best supports this statement?
A. Modern drugs are always derived from medicinal plants.
B. Most modern drugs are selected without chemical modification once
biological activity is identified.
, C. Drug candidates are often deliberately designed and repeatedly
optimized for potency, selectivity, and drug-like properties.
D. Drug discovery no longer requires experimental testing.
Correct Answer:
C. Drug candidates are often deliberately designed and repeatedly
optimized for potency, selectivity, and drug-like properties.
Rationale:
C is correct because contemporary drug discovery frequently involves
iterative chemical design and optimization rather than simply finding a
naturally occurring molecule and using it unchanged.
A is incorrect because natural products are only one source of
therapeutic agents.
B is incorrect because identified compounds commonly undergo
substantial optimization.
D is incorrect because computational predictions must be tested
experimentally.
Question 3
A pharmaceutical laboratory wants to discover compounds that reverse
an abnormal cellular phenotype associated with a disease, but the
investigators do not yet know which protein causes the phenotype.
Which strategy is most appropriate?
A. Phenotypic screening
B. Structure-based docking against a confirmed receptor
C. Competitive binding against a purified enzyme target
D. Sequence comparison of the disease gene with unrelated proteins
