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Database Systems: Design, Implementation, and
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,Database Systems_ Design, Implementation, and Management_
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1. Define each of the following terms:
a. data
b. field
c. record
d. file
Data: raw facts
Field: an attribute, same data type
Record: related data that describes an entity
File: a collection of related records.
2. What is data redundancy, and which characteristics of the file system can lead to it?
Data redundancy occurs when the same data are stored in multiple places unnecessarily.
The use of spreadsheets and tables in different parts of the organization can cause it.
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3. What is data independence, and why is it lacking in file systems?
Data independence exists when you can change the data storage characteristics without
impeding the program's ability to access the data.
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