TEST BANK
Goodman and Gilman's The
Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
14th Edition
Author(s)Laurence Brunton; Bjorn Knollmann
Print ISBN: 9781264258079
,Question 1
A researcher investigates a traditional medicinal plant and discovers
that its extract produces a reproducible biological effect before the
active chemical constituent or molecular target is known. Which
historical approach to drug discovery does this example best represent?
A. Target-based rational drug design
B. Phenotypic discovery guided by observed biological effects
,C. Structure-based virtual screening
D. DNA-encoded library screening
Correct Answer:
B. Phenotypic discovery guided by observed biological effects
Rationale:
B is correct because early drug discovery often began with an observed
biological or therapeutic effect, followed later by isolation and
characterization of the active substance. This approach does not require
prior knowledge of a molecular target.
A is incorrect because target-based discovery begins with a defined
molecular target.
C is incorrect because virtual screening requires computational
evaluation of candidate molecules against a target or model.
D is incorrect because DNA-encoded libraries are modern screening
technologies rather than the historical approach illustrated by the plant
extract.
Question 2
A medicinal chemist isolates a compound from a natural product that
produces the desired biological effect but has several undesirable
chemical properties. What is the most appropriate reason to regard this
compound as a potential lead compound?
A. It has already demonstrated safety and efficacy in humans.
B. It provides a chemical starting point for systematic optimization.
C. It has automatically been approved for clinical investigation.
D. It must be the final molecule used therapeutically.
, Correct Answer:
B. It provides a chemical starting point for systematic optimization.
Rationale:
B is correct because a lead is a molecule with sufficient biological
activity or other useful characteristics to serve as a starting point for
optimization of potency, selectivity, pharmacokinetic properties, and
other drug-like characteristics.
A is incorrect because identification of a lead does not establish human
safety or efficacy.
C is incorrect because regulatory authorization requires additional
evidence and formal review.
D is incorrect because leads commonly undergo substantial
optimization before becoming development candidates.
Question 3
A research group wants to identify thousands of chemical compounds
that interact with a particular biological target in a relatively short
period. Which technology is most directly suited to this objective?
A. High-throughput screening
B. Phase III clinical testing
C. Postmarketing surveillance
D. Therapeutic drug monitoring
Correct Answer:
A. High-throughput screening
Rationale:
A is correct because high-throughput screening (HTS) uses automated
Goodman and Gilman's The
Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
14th Edition
Author(s)Laurence Brunton; Bjorn Knollmann
Print ISBN: 9781264258079
,Question 1
A researcher investigates a traditional medicinal plant and discovers
that its extract produces a reproducible biological effect before the
active chemical constituent or molecular target is known. Which
historical approach to drug discovery does this example best represent?
A. Target-based rational drug design
B. Phenotypic discovery guided by observed biological effects
,C. Structure-based virtual screening
D. DNA-encoded library screening
Correct Answer:
B. Phenotypic discovery guided by observed biological effects
Rationale:
B is correct because early drug discovery often began with an observed
biological or therapeutic effect, followed later by isolation and
characterization of the active substance. This approach does not require
prior knowledge of a molecular target.
A is incorrect because target-based discovery begins with a defined
molecular target.
C is incorrect because virtual screening requires computational
evaluation of candidate molecules against a target or model.
D is incorrect because DNA-encoded libraries are modern screening
technologies rather than the historical approach illustrated by the plant
extract.
Question 2
A medicinal chemist isolates a compound from a natural product that
produces the desired biological effect but has several undesirable
chemical properties. What is the most appropriate reason to regard this
compound as a potential lead compound?
A. It has already demonstrated safety and efficacy in humans.
B. It provides a chemical starting point for systematic optimization.
C. It has automatically been approved for clinical investigation.
D. It must be the final molecule used therapeutically.
, Correct Answer:
B. It provides a chemical starting point for systematic optimization.
Rationale:
B is correct because a lead is a molecule with sufficient biological
activity or other useful characteristics to serve as a starting point for
optimization of potency, selectivity, pharmacokinetic properties, and
other drug-like characteristics.
A is incorrect because identification of a lead does not establish human
safety or efficacy.
C is incorrect because regulatory authorization requires additional
evidence and formal review.
D is incorrect because leads commonly undergo substantial
optimization before becoming development candidates.
Question 3
A research group wants to identify thousands of chemical compounds
that interact with a particular biological target in a relatively short
period. Which technology is most directly suited to this objective?
A. High-throughput screening
B. Phase III clinical testing
C. Postmarketing surveillance
D. Therapeutic drug monitoring
Correct Answer:
A. High-throughput screening
Rationale:
A is correct because high-throughput screening (HTS) uses automated
