Galen NSG 3100 Exam 2 | Fundamental Concepts & Skills I
(2026) Actual Q&A PDF
1. Which action best demonstrates the nursing process during the initial assessment of a
patient?
A) Selecting nursing interventions
B) Collecting subjective and objective data
C) Evaluating whether goals were achieved
D) Writing the nursing diagnosis
Correct Answer: B) Collecting subjective and objective data
Rationale: Assessment is the first step of the nursing process. The nurse systematically collects
subjective information, such as the patient's description of symptoms, and objective
information, such as vital signs and physical findings. Nursing diagnoses, planning, interventions,
and evaluation occur after assessment .
2. Which finding is considered objective data?
A) "My pain is 7 out of 10."
B) "I feel nauseated."
C) Blood pressure of 148/88 mmHg
D) "I feel weak."
Correct Answer: C) Blood pressure of 148/88 mmHg
,Rationale: Objective data are observable or measurable findings obtained through examination,
measurement, or observation. Blood pressure is directly measurable. Pain, nausea, and
weakness as reported by the patient are subjective data .
3. What are the five basic steps of the nursing process?
A) Assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation
B) Assessment, planning, diagnosis, implementation, and evaluation
C) Diagnosis, assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation
D) Planning, assessment, diagnosis, implementation, and evaluation
Correct Answer: A) Assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation
Rationale: The nursing process provides a systematic framework for individualized care. The
nurse first gathers data, identifies nursing problems, establishes goals and interventions,
implements the plan, and evaluates the patient's response .
4. Which nursing action best reflects patient-centered care?
A) Making all decisions without patient involvement
B) Providing identical care to every patient
C) Incorporating the patient's preferences and values into the care plan
D) Asking the family to make every decision
Correct Answer: C) Incorporating the patient's preferences and values into the care plan
,Rationale: Patient-centered care recognizes the patient as an active participant in healthcare
decisions. Nurses should consider individual preferences, values, cultural needs, goals, and level
of understanding whenever possible .
5. Which communication technique is most appropriate when beginning an assessment?
A) Asking several questions at once
B) Using medical terminology to demonstrate expertise
C) Beginning with an open-ended question
D) Interrupting frequently to keep the interview short
Correct Answer: C) Beginning with an open-ended question
Rationale: Open-ended questions encourage patients to describe concerns in their own words,
yielding richer and more comprehensive information. The nurse should avoid medical jargon,
asking multiple questions at once, and interrupting the patient .
6. A patient is admitted with Clostridium difficile. Which type of precautions is appropriate?
A) Airborne precautions
B) Droplet precautions
C) Contact precautions
D) Protective isolation
Correct Answer: C) Contact precautions
Rationale: C. difficile is transmitted via the fecal-oral route and can survive on environmental
surfaces. Contact precautions require a private room, gown, and gloves for all interactions .
, 7. What is the recommended length of time for hand hygiene with soap and water?
A) 5-10 seconds
B) 15-20 seconds
C) 20-30 seconds
D) 45-60 seconds
Correct Answer: C) 20-30 seconds
Rationale: The CDC and WHO recommend washing hands with soap and water for 20-30
seconds to effectively remove pathogens. This duration allows adequate time for soap and
friction to work .
8. Which patient requires droplet precautions?
A) Patient with tuberculosis
B) Patient with influenza
C) Patient with MRSA wound infection
D) Patient with C. difficile
Correct Answer: B) Patient with influenza
Rationale: Influenza is transmitted via respiratory droplets and requires droplet precautions
including a surgical mask and eye protection within 3 feet of the patient. Tuberculosis requires
airborne precautions, and MRSA and C. difficile require contact precautions .
(2026) Actual Q&A PDF
1. Which action best demonstrates the nursing process during the initial assessment of a
patient?
A) Selecting nursing interventions
B) Collecting subjective and objective data
C) Evaluating whether goals were achieved
D) Writing the nursing diagnosis
Correct Answer: B) Collecting subjective and objective data
Rationale: Assessment is the first step of the nursing process. The nurse systematically collects
subjective information, such as the patient's description of symptoms, and objective
information, such as vital signs and physical findings. Nursing diagnoses, planning, interventions,
and evaluation occur after assessment .
2. Which finding is considered objective data?
A) "My pain is 7 out of 10."
B) "I feel nauseated."
C) Blood pressure of 148/88 mmHg
D) "I feel weak."
Correct Answer: C) Blood pressure of 148/88 mmHg
,Rationale: Objective data are observable or measurable findings obtained through examination,
measurement, or observation. Blood pressure is directly measurable. Pain, nausea, and
weakness as reported by the patient are subjective data .
3. What are the five basic steps of the nursing process?
A) Assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation
B) Assessment, planning, diagnosis, implementation, and evaluation
C) Diagnosis, assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation
D) Planning, assessment, diagnosis, implementation, and evaluation
Correct Answer: A) Assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation
Rationale: The nursing process provides a systematic framework for individualized care. The
nurse first gathers data, identifies nursing problems, establishes goals and interventions,
implements the plan, and evaluates the patient's response .
4. Which nursing action best reflects patient-centered care?
A) Making all decisions without patient involvement
B) Providing identical care to every patient
C) Incorporating the patient's preferences and values into the care plan
D) Asking the family to make every decision
Correct Answer: C) Incorporating the patient's preferences and values into the care plan
,Rationale: Patient-centered care recognizes the patient as an active participant in healthcare
decisions. Nurses should consider individual preferences, values, cultural needs, goals, and level
of understanding whenever possible .
5. Which communication technique is most appropriate when beginning an assessment?
A) Asking several questions at once
B) Using medical terminology to demonstrate expertise
C) Beginning with an open-ended question
D) Interrupting frequently to keep the interview short
Correct Answer: C) Beginning with an open-ended question
Rationale: Open-ended questions encourage patients to describe concerns in their own words,
yielding richer and more comprehensive information. The nurse should avoid medical jargon,
asking multiple questions at once, and interrupting the patient .
6. A patient is admitted with Clostridium difficile. Which type of precautions is appropriate?
A) Airborne precautions
B) Droplet precautions
C) Contact precautions
D) Protective isolation
Correct Answer: C) Contact precautions
Rationale: C. difficile is transmitted via the fecal-oral route and can survive on environmental
surfaces. Contact precautions require a private room, gown, and gloves for all interactions .
, 7. What is the recommended length of time for hand hygiene with soap and water?
A) 5-10 seconds
B) 15-20 seconds
C) 20-30 seconds
D) 45-60 seconds
Correct Answer: C) 20-30 seconds
Rationale: The CDC and WHO recommend washing hands with soap and water for 20-30
seconds to effectively remove pathogens. This duration allows adequate time for soap and
friction to work .
8. Which patient requires droplet precautions?
A) Patient with tuberculosis
B) Patient with influenza
C) Patient with MRSA wound infection
D) Patient with C. difficile
Correct Answer: B) Patient with influenza
Rationale: Influenza is transmitted via respiratory droplets and requires droplet precautions
including a surgical mask and eye protection within 3 feet of the patient. Tuberculosis requires
airborne precautions, and MRSA and C. difficile require contact precautions .
