HESI MED SURG
ASSESSMENT WITH
COREECT RESOLUTIONS.
,Pain Management
medications and alternative therapy - correct ans:start with non-opioid
analgesic.
. chronic pain = around the clock.
. if PT reports pain administer pain medication.
. Control of analgesia in post-operative.
IV medication administration - correct ans:. check IV sites (phlebitis (red,
inflammation) vs filtration (cold, pale)) = remove the line, move to other site,
and administer warm compresses.
. phlebitis = administer antibiotic. Vesica medications for relive of phlebitis
(be careful with these types of meds because can cause tissue damage -
necrosis). You do not need a doctor's order to change IVs from sites.
HTN (Risk Ethnic Groups) - correct ans:Afro-American population: It is also
more difficult to manage HTN in these ethnic group (usually we have to use 2
meds instead of mono-therapy, although we always try to start with 1
medication, not 2). Monitor kidneys and microcirculation (DM - monitor
metabolic panel)
Nail Care for a Diabetic Patient - correct ans:Foot Care: Inspect feet daily
using a mirror. Check shoes for objects. Apply moisturizer to feet, but not
between toes. Wear cotton socks (no synthetic fabrics ) and shoes (do not go
barefoot or wear open- toe shoes ). Cut nails straight across. Do not use OTC
products (ex: corn/callus removal agents ) Do not use heating pads on feet . .
advise to take care of their feet due to poor circulation which also damage
peripheral nerves (neuropathy). Therefore, they will have decreased
sensation, so they need to be seen regularly by podiatrist cannot care for
their feet on their own.
Allopurinol use - correct ans:is used to treat gout, high levels of uric acid in
the body caused by certain cancer medications, and kidney stones.
,Allopurinol is in a class of medications called xanthine oxidase inhibitors. It
works by reducing the production of uric acid in the body.
Tx: of the gout, this medication decreases the level of uric acid. It is not for
crisis; it is for maintenance and prevent the crisis. Gout cannot be cured,
problem with RNA metabolism. For crisis we also need to add other meds
(anti-inflammatory)
Herpes Zoster - correct ans:viral disease affecting the peripheral nerves,
characterized by painful blisters that spread over the skin following the
affected nerves, usually unilateral; also known as shingles
Labs / Dx : Clinical presentation , PCR test of vesicle.
Tx : Antiviral medications , analgesics .
Nursing Care : Isolate patient ( airborne contact precautions ) until lesions
have crusted . Avoid patient contact with individuals who have not had
chickenpox and are not vaccinated . Monitor for postherpetic neuralgia ( pain
that lasts > 1 month after onset ) . Patient Teaching : Prevention with
Zostavax vaccine for adults > 60 years old .
Cholera Outbreak - correct ans:A bacterial disease causing severe diarrhea
and dehydration, usually spread in water. Is fatal if not treated right away.
Key symptoms: are diarrhea and dehydration. ( Rarely, shock and seizures
may occur in severe cases.)
Tx: Treatment includes rehydration, IV fluids, and antibiotics.
Requires a medical diagnosis
Iron Deficiency Anemia Diet - correct ans:Insufficient intake or poor
absorption of iron . Common in children and pregnant women .
SIS : Shortness of breath , pallor , fatigue , weakness , tachycardia
, TX: Ferrous sulfate , iron dextran .
Diet - Food rich in iron red meats, chicken, poultry, grains, dark leafy
vegetables, orange juice (because it helps improve the absorption and milk
or food rich in calcium decreases the absorption of iron because the Ca
competes with iron for the biding sites)
AIDS Pathophysiology - correct ans:is caused by the HIV or human
immunodeficiency virus.
The infection causes progressive destruction of the cell-mediated immune
(CMI) system, primarily by eliminating CD4+ T-helper lymphocytes.
Pathophysiology: Each has different criteria not only the presence of
opportunistic infections/diseases but we also monitor the CD4 T count less
than 200..immunosuppression is the landmark.
Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment - correct ans:autoimmune condition that
affects the joints and affects other organs systems.
TX: Steroidal medication is used, Metrooxide antimetabolite medication -
slows down the progression of the disease but it doesn't cure it.
Anthrax Management - correct ans:a serious infectious disease caused by
gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria known as Bacillus anthracis. Anthrax can
be found naturally in soil and commonly affects domestic and wild animals
around the world.
-is usually suspected in Pts who work with animals, working at the post
office...
.very contagious/transmissible
ASSESSMENT WITH
COREECT RESOLUTIONS.
,Pain Management
medications and alternative therapy - correct ans:start with non-opioid
analgesic.
. chronic pain = around the clock.
. if PT reports pain administer pain medication.
. Control of analgesia in post-operative.
IV medication administration - correct ans:. check IV sites (phlebitis (red,
inflammation) vs filtration (cold, pale)) = remove the line, move to other site,
and administer warm compresses.
. phlebitis = administer antibiotic. Vesica medications for relive of phlebitis
(be careful with these types of meds because can cause tissue damage -
necrosis). You do not need a doctor's order to change IVs from sites.
HTN (Risk Ethnic Groups) - correct ans:Afro-American population: It is also
more difficult to manage HTN in these ethnic group (usually we have to use 2
meds instead of mono-therapy, although we always try to start with 1
medication, not 2). Monitor kidneys and microcirculation (DM - monitor
metabolic panel)
Nail Care for a Diabetic Patient - correct ans:Foot Care: Inspect feet daily
using a mirror. Check shoes for objects. Apply moisturizer to feet, but not
between toes. Wear cotton socks (no synthetic fabrics ) and shoes (do not go
barefoot or wear open- toe shoes ). Cut nails straight across. Do not use OTC
products (ex: corn/callus removal agents ) Do not use heating pads on feet . .
advise to take care of their feet due to poor circulation which also damage
peripheral nerves (neuropathy). Therefore, they will have decreased
sensation, so they need to be seen regularly by podiatrist cannot care for
their feet on their own.
Allopurinol use - correct ans:is used to treat gout, high levels of uric acid in
the body caused by certain cancer medications, and kidney stones.
,Allopurinol is in a class of medications called xanthine oxidase inhibitors. It
works by reducing the production of uric acid in the body.
Tx: of the gout, this medication decreases the level of uric acid. It is not for
crisis; it is for maintenance and prevent the crisis. Gout cannot be cured,
problem with RNA metabolism. For crisis we also need to add other meds
(anti-inflammatory)
Herpes Zoster - correct ans:viral disease affecting the peripheral nerves,
characterized by painful blisters that spread over the skin following the
affected nerves, usually unilateral; also known as shingles
Labs / Dx : Clinical presentation , PCR test of vesicle.
Tx : Antiviral medications , analgesics .
Nursing Care : Isolate patient ( airborne contact precautions ) until lesions
have crusted . Avoid patient contact with individuals who have not had
chickenpox and are not vaccinated . Monitor for postherpetic neuralgia ( pain
that lasts > 1 month after onset ) . Patient Teaching : Prevention with
Zostavax vaccine for adults > 60 years old .
Cholera Outbreak - correct ans:A bacterial disease causing severe diarrhea
and dehydration, usually spread in water. Is fatal if not treated right away.
Key symptoms: are diarrhea and dehydration. ( Rarely, shock and seizures
may occur in severe cases.)
Tx: Treatment includes rehydration, IV fluids, and antibiotics.
Requires a medical diagnosis
Iron Deficiency Anemia Diet - correct ans:Insufficient intake or poor
absorption of iron . Common in children and pregnant women .
SIS : Shortness of breath , pallor , fatigue , weakness , tachycardia
, TX: Ferrous sulfate , iron dextran .
Diet - Food rich in iron red meats, chicken, poultry, grains, dark leafy
vegetables, orange juice (because it helps improve the absorption and milk
or food rich in calcium decreases the absorption of iron because the Ca
competes with iron for the biding sites)
AIDS Pathophysiology - correct ans:is caused by the HIV or human
immunodeficiency virus.
The infection causes progressive destruction of the cell-mediated immune
(CMI) system, primarily by eliminating CD4+ T-helper lymphocytes.
Pathophysiology: Each has different criteria not only the presence of
opportunistic infections/diseases but we also monitor the CD4 T count less
than 200..immunosuppression is the landmark.
Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment - correct ans:autoimmune condition that
affects the joints and affects other organs systems.
TX: Steroidal medication is used, Metrooxide antimetabolite medication -
slows down the progression of the disease but it doesn't cure it.
Anthrax Management - correct ans:a serious infectious disease caused by
gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria known as Bacillus anthracis. Anthrax can
be found naturally in soil and commonly affects domestic and wild animals
around the world.
-is usually suspected in Pts who work with animals, working at the post
office...
.very contagious/transmissible
