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,Argument Basics an argument is a crucial that you dont develop such an emotional response to the
information : defitnion : an argument is the reasoned presentioan of an idea that is
supposed by evidence that is assumed to be true
reasoned questions the author of an lsat arguemtn has organized the information presented according to a
predictable, logical structure, how ever falwed he end reult may be
an idea the conclusion of the authors agrument is really nothing more than an idea. just because
its on the lsat doesnt mean its valid . in fact, the only way to evaluate the validaitiy of an
authors conclusion is to examine the evidence in support of it and decide whether the
author makes any leaps of logic between the evidence and his or her conclusion
supported by evidence all of the arugments on the test in which an author is advancing a conclusion === there are
a few exceptions to this, whihc well refer to as passages rather than arguments have
some kind of evidence presented in support the authors conclusion
argument: serena has to move to kentucky. she lost the lease when looking for the authros conclusion try to figure out what the author is attemptin gto
on her new york apartment, and her company is moving to persuade us of. ultimatley the author is trying to persuade you that SErena has to move to
kentucky : what is the authors conclusion ? Kentucky . the rest of the info is given in support of that infoamiotn. ofthen the authros
conclusion is signaled by words such as thus, thereofre, or so or it a recommendation a
prediciton, or an expanation of the cvdence presented
The Why Test should be applied to verify that yo uave found the authors conclusion. lets take the
previous example and see how it works. if you had aid that hte authors conclusion was
that hse had lost her leas,, the next step is to ask why did the author lose her lease there
is absolutlety no evidence in tha rugment to answer that question. there, that statemtn
cnat be the authors acutal conclusion : now lets say you had chosen the fadct that the
authors compnay was moviong to kentucky as the proper concuslin. you would ask why is
the authors company moving and wouldnt find any evidence
authors premises : serena has to move to kentucky lost her So , why does the author think that serena has to move to kentucky(1) she lost the lease
lease , her company is moving on her apartment in New York , and (2) her company is reloxating to Kentucky. each of
these is a premise in support of the conclusion.
, agrument #2 : the mayor of the town of Shaasta sent a letter to the author is trying to presude us that the only reason the amount of wood that was used
the townspeople instrucing them to burn less wood. A few or bought was only successful because of his letter
weeks after the letter was delievered there was a noticable
decreae in the amount of wood the townspeople of Shasta
were burning on a daily basis. therefore it is obvious that the
letter was successful in helping the mayor achieve his goal:
what is the conclusion ?
arugment 2 : what were the authors premises - the reduce of amount of wood the townspeople were burning dialy decreased - the
letter
what is an assumption ? an asuumption , both in life and on the lsat is a leap of logic that we make to get from
one piece of info to another
step by step of assessing an argument : step one : assess the reading the queestion frist will up you off aobut what you need to lokok for in the
question argument . dont waster time reading the argument before you know how you will need to
evaluate it for that particular quesiotn. if you dont know what your task is are unlikely to
perform it effectivley
step 2 : analyze the argument you've got to read the arugment critically, lookign fo the authors conclusion and the
evidence used the underline tool to make a not of it. If necessary, could you jot down
short, simple paraphrases of the premises and any flaws you found in the arugment on
your scratch paper? To find flaws, you should keep your eyes open for ay shifts to the
authors language or faps in the argument. look for common purpose and reasoning
parrerns.. Remember that the authors concusion is reached using only the infroamtion on
the pafe in fron tfo you so any gaps in the languae or in