TEST BANK
Goodman and Gilman's The
Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
14th Edition
Author(s)Laurence Brunton; Bjorn Knollmann
Print ISBN: 9781264258079
,Question 1
Which development most directly transformed the use of medicinal
plants from empirical practice into a foundation for modern drug
discovery?
A. Replacing all natural products with synthetic chemicals
B. Isolating and characterizing active chemical constituents from plants
,C. Eliminating biological testing from drug development
D. Using computer modeling before identifying any biological activity
Correct Answer:
B. Isolating and characterizing active chemical constituents from plants
Rationale:
B is correct because isolation of active constituents converts a complex
natural remedy into a defined chemical entity that can be studied for
structure, mechanism, potency, and therapeutic effects. A is incorrect
because synthetic chemistry complements rather than completely
replaces natural-product discovery. C is incorrect because biological
testing remains essential for demonstrating activity. D is incorrect
because computer-based methods generally depend on information
about a biological target, ligand, or chemical structure.
Question 2
A researcher obtains a medicinal plant traditionally used to relieve fever
and isolates a purified compound responsible for the observed activity.
What is the primary advantage of isolating the compound?
A. It guarantees clinical efficacy in humans
B. It eliminates the need for dose optimization
C. It permits systematic investigation of the compound's
pharmacological properties
D. It proves that all constituents of the plant have the same mechanism
Correct Answer:
C. It permits systematic investigation of the compound's
pharmacological properties
, Rationale:
C is correct because a purified constituent can be evaluated for potency,
mechanism, selectivity, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and therapeutic
potential. A is incorrect because laboratory activity does not guarantee
clinical efficacy. B is incorrect because purified compounds still require
dose-response and safety evaluation. D is incorrect because different
constituents can have very different biological activities.
Question 3
In modern drug discovery, a lead compound is best described as:
A. A drug that has already received regulatory approval
B. A compound with sufficient biological activity and properties to
justify further optimization
C. A compound that is always derived from a medicinal plant
D. A molecule whose safety in humans has already been established
Correct Answer:
B. A compound with sufficient biological activity and properties to
justify further optimization
Rationale:
B is correct because a lead is a promising starting point for medicinal
chemistry and further pharmacological development, not necessarily a
finished drug. A is incorrect because approval occurs much later in
development. C is incorrect because leads may originate from natural
products, synthetic libraries, biological screening, or computational
approaches. D is incorrect because human safety has not necessarily
been established when a lead is first identified.
Goodman and Gilman's The
Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
14th Edition
Author(s)Laurence Brunton; Bjorn Knollmann
Print ISBN: 9781264258079
,Question 1
Which development most directly transformed the use of medicinal
plants from empirical practice into a foundation for modern drug
discovery?
A. Replacing all natural products with synthetic chemicals
B. Isolating and characterizing active chemical constituents from plants
,C. Eliminating biological testing from drug development
D. Using computer modeling before identifying any biological activity
Correct Answer:
B. Isolating and characterizing active chemical constituents from plants
Rationale:
B is correct because isolation of active constituents converts a complex
natural remedy into a defined chemical entity that can be studied for
structure, mechanism, potency, and therapeutic effects. A is incorrect
because synthetic chemistry complements rather than completely
replaces natural-product discovery. C is incorrect because biological
testing remains essential for demonstrating activity. D is incorrect
because computer-based methods generally depend on information
about a biological target, ligand, or chemical structure.
Question 2
A researcher obtains a medicinal plant traditionally used to relieve fever
and isolates a purified compound responsible for the observed activity.
What is the primary advantage of isolating the compound?
A. It guarantees clinical efficacy in humans
B. It eliminates the need for dose optimization
C. It permits systematic investigation of the compound's
pharmacological properties
D. It proves that all constituents of the plant have the same mechanism
Correct Answer:
C. It permits systematic investigation of the compound's
pharmacological properties
, Rationale:
C is correct because a purified constituent can be evaluated for potency,
mechanism, selectivity, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and therapeutic
potential. A is incorrect because laboratory activity does not guarantee
clinical efficacy. B is incorrect because purified compounds still require
dose-response and safety evaluation. D is incorrect because different
constituents can have very different biological activities.
Question 3
In modern drug discovery, a lead compound is best described as:
A. A drug that has already received regulatory approval
B. A compound with sufficient biological activity and properties to
justify further optimization
C. A compound that is always derived from a medicinal plant
D. A molecule whose safety in humans has already been established
Correct Answer:
B. A compound with sufficient biological activity and properties to
justify further optimization
Rationale:
B is correct because a lead is a promising starting point for medicinal
chemistry and further pharmacological development, not necessarily a
finished drug. A is incorrect because approval occurs much later in
development. C is incorrect because leads may originate from natural
products, synthetic libraries, biological screening, or computational
approaches. D is incorrect because human safety has not necessarily
been established when a lead is first identified.
