RST 230 EXAM 1 UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
Question:
1. Inclusion
Answer:
way of being with others that is welcoming, respectful, and values experience, knowledge and
abilities of others
Question:
2. barriers of inclu-sion
Answer:
- transportation
- structural
- economic
- social and attitudinal
- psychological
- communication
- programmatic accommodations
Question:
3. benefits of inclu-sion
Answer:
provided opportunities to develop greater awareness and sensitivity to similarities and difference of
ppl who come from diverse groups
Question:
4. core dimensions
Answer:
*traits or characteristics that you ARE born with that are very difficult if not impossible to change*
- sexual identity, age, gender, race/ethnicity, mental/physical ability
Question:
5. secondary di-mensions
Answer:
*traits or characteristics that you are NOT born with that are pretty easy to change throughout your
life* social class (moved from core dimension), first language, religion, work experi-ence, geographic
location, organizational role & level, communication style, work style, education
Question:
6. antecedents of beliefs
Answer:
conditions that set the stage for beliefs to develop
Question:
7. beliefs
, Answer:
involve what people perceive to be true
Question:
8. attitudes
Answer:
A learned predisposition to respond in a consistently favorable or unfavorable manner with respect to
a given object. (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975) or the enduring positive or negative feelings about some
person, object, or issue. (Petty & Caciop-po, 1981)
Question:
9. behaviors
Answer:
Any observable or measurable act, response or movement by an individual. (Datillo & Murphy, 1987)
Question:
10. sterotypes
Answer:
A standardized *mental picture* held in common by members of a group that represents an
*oversimplified* opinion, attitude or judgment.(Datillo, 1999)
Question:
11. prejudice
Answer:
A negative *attitude* toward a socially defined group and toward any person perceived to be a
member of that group.(Ashmore, 1976)A preconceived *opinion or attitude* which is formed without
due consideration of the facts.It is not based on scientific proof or rational thought process.(Yu, 1987)
Question:
12. discrimination (Tumin 1973)
Answer:
The translation into consequential behavior of prejudicial beliefs (Tumin, 1973)
Question:
13. discrimination (Allport, 1958)
Answer:
occurs when the object of prejudice is placed at some disadvantage not merited by his own
misconduct. (Allport, 1958)
Question:
14. discrimination (Feagin, 1991; Feagin & Eckberg, 1980)
Answer:
Actions or practices carried out by members of dominant racial or ethnic groups that have a
differential and negative impact on members of subordinate racial or ethnic groups (Feagin, 1991;
Feagin & Eckberg, 1980)
Question:
15. displace-ment/scapegoat theory
, Answer:
inhibitions and sanctions of group life lead to accumulation ofScapegoat theory frustration and
aggression. Since frustrations cannot always be expressed against actual sources of restraint, people
displace their feelings on other individuals who are not in the position to retaliate
Question:
16. authoritarian personally theory
Answer:
Prejudice is a form of psychopathology resulting from personality theory ori-entations developed in
childhood. Personality traits integral to authoritarianism include: submission to authority, belief in
severe punishment, cognitive rigidity, lack of tolerance toward ambiguity, avoidance of reflection and
speculation, rigid and highly hierarchical organization of family relations, general hostility and
distrust
Question:
17. ** reword this definition cat-egorization & stereotyping the-ory
Answer:
a process in which an individual is identified as a Stereotyping member of an out group and treated as
if the characteristics of the out group applied to him personally. Categorization often leads to
stereotyping which can be a direct cause of prejudice acquisition
Question:
18. socialization & conformity theo-ry
Answer:
Prejudice is attributed to sociocultural learning. Children and Conformity theory adolescents acquire
prejudice from their parents, peers, teachers, and the mass media along with other norms and values
normative to their social environment.
Question:
19. perceived racial threat theory
Answer:
individuals develop prejudicial attitudes toward people who theythreat theory perceive pose a threat
to their economic, cultural, political andand social position
Question:
20. contact theory
Answer:
Racism is a direct result of the lack of equal-status contacts between members of two distinct groups.
Spatial and psychological isolation of ethnic/racial groups fuels development of mutual
misconceptions and creation of racial stereotypes that further restrict the opportunity for future
contacts between groups
Question:
21. value systems / cultural norms and ideologies
Answer:
A. Racist beliefs are an integral part of the American value system. The ideas of
white supremacy, propriety claim and racial superiority are still common among a significant part of
the American white population.These values are properties of social systems. Individuals derive their
ANSWERS
Question:
1. Inclusion
Answer:
way of being with others that is welcoming, respectful, and values experience, knowledge and
abilities of others
Question:
2. barriers of inclu-sion
Answer:
- transportation
- structural
- economic
- social and attitudinal
- psychological
- communication
- programmatic accommodations
Question:
3. benefits of inclu-sion
Answer:
provided opportunities to develop greater awareness and sensitivity to similarities and difference of
ppl who come from diverse groups
Question:
4. core dimensions
Answer:
*traits or characteristics that you ARE born with that are very difficult if not impossible to change*
- sexual identity, age, gender, race/ethnicity, mental/physical ability
Question:
5. secondary di-mensions
Answer:
*traits or characteristics that you are NOT born with that are pretty easy to change throughout your
life* social class (moved from core dimension), first language, religion, work experi-ence, geographic
location, organizational role & level, communication style, work style, education
Question:
6. antecedents of beliefs
Answer:
conditions that set the stage for beliefs to develop
Question:
7. beliefs
, Answer:
involve what people perceive to be true
Question:
8. attitudes
Answer:
A learned predisposition to respond in a consistently favorable or unfavorable manner with respect to
a given object. (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975) or the enduring positive or negative feelings about some
person, object, or issue. (Petty & Caciop-po, 1981)
Question:
9. behaviors
Answer:
Any observable or measurable act, response or movement by an individual. (Datillo & Murphy, 1987)
Question:
10. sterotypes
Answer:
A standardized *mental picture* held in common by members of a group that represents an
*oversimplified* opinion, attitude or judgment.(Datillo, 1999)
Question:
11. prejudice
Answer:
A negative *attitude* toward a socially defined group and toward any person perceived to be a
member of that group.(Ashmore, 1976)A preconceived *opinion or attitude* which is formed without
due consideration of the facts.It is not based on scientific proof or rational thought process.(Yu, 1987)
Question:
12. discrimination (Tumin 1973)
Answer:
The translation into consequential behavior of prejudicial beliefs (Tumin, 1973)
Question:
13. discrimination (Allport, 1958)
Answer:
occurs when the object of prejudice is placed at some disadvantage not merited by his own
misconduct. (Allport, 1958)
Question:
14. discrimination (Feagin, 1991; Feagin & Eckberg, 1980)
Answer:
Actions or practices carried out by members of dominant racial or ethnic groups that have a
differential and negative impact on members of subordinate racial or ethnic groups (Feagin, 1991;
Feagin & Eckberg, 1980)
Question:
15. displace-ment/scapegoat theory
, Answer:
inhibitions and sanctions of group life lead to accumulation ofScapegoat theory frustration and
aggression. Since frustrations cannot always be expressed against actual sources of restraint, people
displace their feelings on other individuals who are not in the position to retaliate
Question:
16. authoritarian personally theory
Answer:
Prejudice is a form of psychopathology resulting from personality theory ori-entations developed in
childhood. Personality traits integral to authoritarianism include: submission to authority, belief in
severe punishment, cognitive rigidity, lack of tolerance toward ambiguity, avoidance of reflection and
speculation, rigid and highly hierarchical organization of family relations, general hostility and
distrust
Question:
17. ** reword this definition cat-egorization & stereotyping the-ory
Answer:
a process in which an individual is identified as a Stereotyping member of an out group and treated as
if the characteristics of the out group applied to him personally. Categorization often leads to
stereotyping which can be a direct cause of prejudice acquisition
Question:
18. socialization & conformity theo-ry
Answer:
Prejudice is attributed to sociocultural learning. Children and Conformity theory adolescents acquire
prejudice from their parents, peers, teachers, and the mass media along with other norms and values
normative to their social environment.
Question:
19. perceived racial threat theory
Answer:
individuals develop prejudicial attitudes toward people who theythreat theory perceive pose a threat
to their economic, cultural, political andand social position
Question:
20. contact theory
Answer:
Racism is a direct result of the lack of equal-status contacts between members of two distinct groups.
Spatial and psychological isolation of ethnic/racial groups fuels development of mutual
misconceptions and creation of racial stereotypes that further restrict the opportunity for future
contacts between groups
Question:
21. value systems / cultural norms and ideologies
Answer:
A. Racist beliefs are an integral part of the American value system. The ideas of
white supremacy, propriety claim and racial superiority are still common among a significant part of
the American white population.These values are properties of social systems. Individuals derive their
