2026|2027 Actual Complete Real Exam Questions And Correct
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MODULE 1 — What ECG changes may occur with dangerous
hyperkalemia? -ANSWER-Peaked T waves, PR prolongation, QRS
widening, bradycardia, and progression to lethal dysrhythmias.
MODULE 1 — What does IV calcium do in severe hyperkalemia? -
ANSWER-It stabilizes the cardiac membrane and reduces immediate
dysrhythmia risk, but it does not lower the serum potassium.
MODULE 1 — Which treatments temporarily shift potassium into cells?
-ANSWER-IV regular insulin with dextrose, nebulized beta₂ agonist, and
bicarbonate when significant metabolic acidosis is present.
MODULE 1 — Which treatments remove potassium from the body? -
ANSWER-Loop diuresis when appropriate, potassium binders, and
hemodialysis for severe or refractory hyperkalemia.
MODULE 1 — What should the nurse monitor during treatment of
hyperkalemia? -ANSWER-Continuous cardiac rhythm, repeat potassium
levels, blood glucose after insulin, renal function, and the client's
neuromuscular status.
,MODULE 1 — What is the priority intervention for excess fluid volume
with respiratory distress? -ANSWER-Position the client upright, assess
breathing and oxygenation, provide oxygen as needed, and rapidly
escalate possible pulmonary edema.
MODULE 1 — What is the most sensitive routine indicator of fluid-
volume change? -ANSWER-Daily weight measured at the same time and
on the same scale.
MODULE 1 — What should be monitored for excess fluid volume? -
ANSWER-Daily weight, strict intake and output, edema, blood pressure,
JVD, lung sounds, oxygenation, renal function, and electrolytes.
MODULE 1 — What are normal ABG ranges for pH, PaCO₂, and HCO₃⁻? -
ANSWER-pH 7.35-7.45, PaCO₂ 35-45 mm Hg, and HCO₃⁻ 22-26 mEq/L.
MODULE 1 — ABG: pH 7.29, PaCO₂ 52, HCO₃⁻ 24. What is the
interpretation? -ANSWER-Uncompensated respiratory acidosis.
MODULE 1 — ABG: pH 7.50, PaCO₂ 30, HCO₃⁻ 24. What is the
interpretation? -ANSWER-Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis.
MODULE 1 — ABG: pH 7.28, PaCO₂ 36, HCO₃⁻ 17. What is the
interpretation? -ANSWER-Uncompensated metabolic acidosis.
, MODULE 1 — ABG: pH 7.49, PaCO₂ 43, HCO₃⁻ 32. What is the
interpretation? -ANSWER-Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis.
MODULE 1 — What is the priority direction of care for respiratory
acidosis? -ANSWER-Improve ventilation and treat the cause of
hypoventilation, such as oversedation, airway obstruction, or
respiratory fatigue.
MODULE 2 — What is the first postoperative assessment priority? -
ANSWER-Airway and breathing, including airway patency, respiratory
rate and depth, oxygen saturation, breath sounds, sedation, and ability
to protect the airway.
MODULE 2 — What circulation findings should be assessed immediately
after surgery? -ANSWER-Blood pressure, heart rate and rhythm, skin
perfusion, IV fluids, visible or concealed bleeding, dressings, wounds,
and drains.
MODULE 2 — Which interventions help prevent postoperative
pneumonia? -ANSWER-Adequate pain control, upright positioning,
coughing and deep breathing, incentive spirometry, repositioning, oral
care, and early ambulation.
MODULE 2 — Which postoperative respiratory findings require urgent
reporting? -ANSWER-Increasing oxygen need, severe dyspnea, new
confusion, low oxygen saturation, poor air movement, or fever with
focal lung findings.