Summary BIO 203 Final Exam Master Sheet

BIO 203 Final Exam Master Sheet

Comparative Respiratory Physiology
a.
The respiratory papulae of the sea star (an echinoderm) are classied as gills because they are
evaginations of the body surface.
b.
In a human engaged in strenuous exercise, the external intercostal muscles participate in inspiration,
whereas the internal intercostal muscles participate in expiration.
c.
The tracheal system of insects evolved to transport respiratory gasses (O2 and CO2) as well as nutrients
dissolved in hemolymph.
d.
Statements (a) and (b) are correct and statement (c) is incorrect
e.
Statements (a), (b) and (c) are all correct

Physiology of the Respiratory System
a.
Newborn respiratory distress syndrome occurs when a baby's lungs fail to produce sucient amounts
of surfactant.
b.
Mammalian lung surfactant is a complex mixture of proteins and phospholipids that completely
eliminates the surface tension exerted by water within the alveoli.
c.
Birds such as the bar-headed goose (Anser indicus) are able to y at high altitudes because avian lungs
are about 10 times more distensible than mammalian lungs, and this allows birds to more eciently
ventilate their respiratory surfaces.
d.
Statements (a) and (b) are correct and statement (c) is incorrect
e.
Statements (a), (b) and (c) are all correct

,Respiratory System
In mammalian lungs, a molecule of CO2 in the lumen of a pulmonary capillary must traverse an
endothelial cell and a type I alveolar cell before reaching the lumen of an alveolus.


a.
During normal quiet breathing (tidal volume = 500 mL) in a human, intrapleural pressure becomes
more positive during expiration, as the diaphragm contracts and reduces the volume of the thoracic
cavity.
b.
A pneumothorax occurs when the chest wall is punctured and air moves down its pressure gradient
from the pleural cavity to the external environment, resulting in the collapse of the lung.
c.
In mammalian lungs, a molecule of CO2 in the lumen of a pulmonary capillary must traverse an
endothelial cell and a type I alveolar cell before reaching the lumen of an alveolus.
d.
Statements (a) and (b) are correct and statement (c) is incorrect
e.
Statements (a), (b) and (c) are all correct


Function of the Respiratory System
In a normal healthy adult human lung, inspiratory reserve volume is larger than expiratory reserve
volume.


a.
In mammalian lungs, the basement membrane associated with the alveolar-capillary unit is a specialized
phospholipid bilayer.
b.
According to the law of LaPlace, if two bubbles have the same surface tension, the larger bubble will
have higher pressure because it has more surface area.
c.
In a normal healthy adult human lung, inspiratory reserve volume is larger than expiratory reserve
volume.
d.
Statements (a) and (b) are correct and statement (c) is incorrect
e.
Statements (a), (b) and (c) are all correct

,Respiratory Physiology
a.
In a normal healthy adult human, the volume of air remaining in the lungs at the end of a maximal
forced expiration is 150 milliliters.
b.
An adult human with a tidal volume of 470 mL is breathing at a rate of 10 breaths per minute.
Assuming a dead space volume of 120 mL, this personâ s alveolar ventilation rate is 3.5 liters per
minute.
c.
Mammalian respiration is described as 'negative pressure breathing', because intra-alveolar pressure is
negative during both inspiration and expiration.
d.
Statements (a) and (b) are correct and statement (c) is incorrect
e.
Statements (a), (b) and (c) are all correct


Mechanisms of Renal Physiology
a.
In tubuloglomerular feedback, macula densa cells release paracrine factors that travel through the
circulatory system and cause contraction of smooth muscle cells in the wall of the aerent arteriole.
b.
In the proximal tubule of the kidney, glucose is reabsorbed through a secondary active transport
process that uses a basolateral sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT).
c.
During the ght-or-ight response, norepinephrine released from sympathetic neurons acts on
alpha-adrenergic receptors of the renal aerent arteriole to cause vasoconstriction and a decrease in
glomerular ltration rate.


d.
Statements (a) and (b) are correct and statement (c) is incorrect
e.
Statements (a), (b) and (c) are all correct

, Physiology of the nephron
a.
In a normal human kidney, 20% of the blood plasma volume entering the aerent arteriole is ltered by
the glomerulus.
b.
Because solutes can only enter the tubule of the nephron through ltration at the glomerulus, it is not
possible for a solute to have an excretion rate that exceeds its ltration rate.
c.
Following the consumption of several pancakes with natural maple syrup, the blood glucose levels in an
unmanaged type 2 diabetic may increase to 200 mg/dl or higher, because the renal ltration of glucose
saturates.
d.
Statements (a) and (b) are correct and statement (c) is incorrect
e.
Statements (a), (b) and (c) are all correct


Physiology of the Renal System
a.
Atrial natriuretic peptides (ANPs) promote salt and water excretion, which leads to a reduction in
blood pressure.
b.
In the nephron of humans, aquaporin channels are present in the descending limb of the loop of
Henle, but not in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle.
c.
Vasoconstriction of the eerent arteriole (aerent arteriole remains unchanged) would increase
hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillaries and increase glomerular ltration rate (GFR).
d.
Statements (a) and (b) are correct and statement (c) is incorrect
e.
Statements (a), (b) and (c) are all correct