Bio 235- Midterm 1 | Questions with 100% Verified
Answers | Latest Update 2026/2027
Question: Sagittal plane
Answer: divides body into left and right
Question: Midsagittal plane
Answer: divides the body into equal right and left sides
Question: Frontal section
Answer: divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts
Question: Medial/midsagittal section of brain
Answer: divide the brain into left and right parts
Question: Frontal section of brain
Answer: divides brain from the middle to anterior and posterior part
Question: Transverse section of brain
Answer: divide brain into top (superior) and bottom (posterior) part
Question: Proximal (directional term)
Answer: "nearer to the origin of the structure"
Question: Distal (directional term)
Answer: farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body
trunk
Question: What are the 6 basic life processes?
Answer: metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation, reproduction
Question: Catabolism:
Answer: Breaks down complex substances into simple ones. Digestive processes catabolize
proteins in food into amino acids.
Question: Anabolism:
Answer: Small simple compounds build up into more complex one. The amino acids that were
broken down from food in catabolism is now used to build new proteins for muscles
and bones.
,Question: negative feed back loop
Answer: reverses a change in a controlled condition (ex: when blood pressure rises so the
body
decreases it and returns it back to normal)
Question: What is the correct order of a feedback loop:
Answer: stimulus - controlled condition - receptors - control center - effectors - response
Question: Positive feed back loop
Answer: tends to strengthen or reinforce a change in one o the body's controlled conditions
(ex:
in childbirth, the release of oxycotin stimulates muscle contractions to help push the
baby)
Question: What are the 4 major elements of the body?
Answer: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen
Question: Ionic bond:
Answer: The force of attraction that holds ions together with opposite charges. Electrons are
gained or lost.
Question: Covalent bond:
Answer: Two or more atoms share electrons.
Question: Nonpolar covalent bond:
Answer: when two atoms share electrons equally
Question: Polar covalent bond:
Answer: when sharing of electrons is unequal, and one has greater electronegativity. H20
molecule is an example of a polar covalent bond.
Question: Hydrogen bond:
Answer: Attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom.
Question: Water molecules:
Answer: have a high surface tension
Question: A catalyst:
Answer: speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy
, Question: A phospholipid's main functions:
Answer: - contain a glycerol backbone
- head is polar
- tail is non polar
- part of the cell membrane
Question: The function of RNA:
Answer: to convert info in DNA for protein synthesis
Question: A concentration gradient:
Answer: difference in concentration of a chemical between one side of the plasma membrane
and the other
Question: Electrical gradient:
Answer: difference in concentration of charges of ions between one side of the plasma
membrane and the other
Question: Electrochemical gradient:
Answer: diffusion gradient of an ion, representing a type of potential energy that accounts for
both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to
move relative to the membrane potential.
Question: Equilibrium:
Answer: when a substances moves down it's concentration gradient where it is less
concentrated
(ex: Na+ going into the ecf creates a more concentrated Na+ gradient)
Question: Water is the most:
Answer: important and abundant inorganic compound in all living systems
Question: What is the most important property of water?
Answer: polarity
Question: Water as a solvent:
Answer: the universal solvent- many substances dissolve well in water because their polar
molecules bond easily with other polar molecules
Question: Hydrophilic:
Answer: water loving, dissolves in water
Answers | Latest Update 2026/2027
Question: Sagittal plane
Answer: divides body into left and right
Question: Midsagittal plane
Answer: divides the body into equal right and left sides
Question: Frontal section
Answer: divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts
Question: Medial/midsagittal section of brain
Answer: divide the brain into left and right parts
Question: Frontal section of brain
Answer: divides brain from the middle to anterior and posterior part
Question: Transverse section of brain
Answer: divide brain into top (superior) and bottom (posterior) part
Question: Proximal (directional term)
Answer: "nearer to the origin of the structure"
Question: Distal (directional term)
Answer: farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body
trunk
Question: What are the 6 basic life processes?
Answer: metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation, reproduction
Question: Catabolism:
Answer: Breaks down complex substances into simple ones. Digestive processes catabolize
proteins in food into amino acids.
Question: Anabolism:
Answer: Small simple compounds build up into more complex one. The amino acids that were
broken down from food in catabolism is now used to build new proteins for muscles
and bones.
,Question: negative feed back loop
Answer: reverses a change in a controlled condition (ex: when blood pressure rises so the
body
decreases it and returns it back to normal)
Question: What is the correct order of a feedback loop:
Answer: stimulus - controlled condition - receptors - control center - effectors - response
Question: Positive feed back loop
Answer: tends to strengthen or reinforce a change in one o the body's controlled conditions
(ex:
in childbirth, the release of oxycotin stimulates muscle contractions to help push the
baby)
Question: What are the 4 major elements of the body?
Answer: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen
Question: Ionic bond:
Answer: The force of attraction that holds ions together with opposite charges. Electrons are
gained or lost.
Question: Covalent bond:
Answer: Two or more atoms share electrons.
Question: Nonpolar covalent bond:
Answer: when two atoms share electrons equally
Question: Polar covalent bond:
Answer: when sharing of electrons is unequal, and one has greater electronegativity. H20
molecule is an example of a polar covalent bond.
Question: Hydrogen bond:
Answer: Attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom.
Question: Water molecules:
Answer: have a high surface tension
Question: A catalyst:
Answer: speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy
, Question: A phospholipid's main functions:
Answer: - contain a glycerol backbone
- head is polar
- tail is non polar
- part of the cell membrane
Question: The function of RNA:
Answer: to convert info in DNA for protein synthesis
Question: A concentration gradient:
Answer: difference in concentration of a chemical between one side of the plasma membrane
and the other
Question: Electrical gradient:
Answer: difference in concentration of charges of ions between one side of the plasma
membrane and the other
Question: Electrochemical gradient:
Answer: diffusion gradient of an ion, representing a type of potential energy that accounts for
both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to
move relative to the membrane potential.
Question: Equilibrium:
Answer: when a substances moves down it's concentration gradient where it is less
concentrated
(ex: Na+ going into the ecf creates a more concentrated Na+ gradient)
Question: Water is the most:
Answer: important and abundant inorganic compound in all living systems
Question: What is the most important property of water?
Answer: polarity
Question: Water as a solvent:
Answer: the universal solvent- many substances dissolve well in water because their polar
molecules bond easily with other polar molecules
Question: Hydrophilic:
Answer: water loving, dissolves in water
